tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-77748371767066834632024-03-19T06:11:44.410-07:00Republic of the Union of MyanmarAdminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-40172520965639271982012-09-10T14:14:00.000-07:002012-09-10T14:14:30.524-07:00Dendrobium Thein Sein<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYWk46vtusRl1YwePOH9sY_8v73q3SHdw0g-sppJWMyn8aP97MX-8oZU73tTYT2uMFR9uQohFo33I5aj3ZKLrZtgn1REMQsCOd-Hy5qEKz5RQgD0NXsWQ_IYEfIILBxJlZLKFJU-GRsw/s1600/botanic21.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5465286566286252146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYWk46vtusRl1YwePOH9sY_8v73q3SHdw0g-sppJWMyn8aP97MX-8oZU73tTYT2uMFR9uQohFo33I5aj3ZKLrZtgn1REMQsCOd-Hy5qEKz5RQgD0NXsWQ_IYEfIILBxJlZLKFJU-GRsw/s400/botanic21.jpg" style="cursor: hand; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 250px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 337px;" /></a><br />as I suspected,<br />it's overwhelmingly olive-green,<br />the color of the Burmese tatmadaw<br />i might be prejudiced to think that way.<br />after all, aren't all orchid stems and leaves green?<br /><br />then again<br />what do those twisted<br />petals have to say?<br />what do other orchids have to say?<br /><br />no doubt<br />this honors the ungainly bald general<br />but insults the whole of<br />flowerkind.<br /><br />you don't deserve it.<br /><br />i grieve for you<br />dendrobium thein sein.<br /><br /> *<br />This poem was written by Ko Ko Thett with some input from Kyi May Kaung.</div>
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Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-71676891965078815982012-06-01T11:37:00.001-07:002012-06-01T11:37:57.640-07:00Мьянма (or) Myanmar (or) ျမန္မာ<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipCjHil7B-8Fq4j13sHCSfQ3xt-IgSvmF8OIs0sLXq2sSEXxjywd1CM7NTC5hiivqg_Kc3LkmexEqxyybhC-KU3V07KVmTVPdUXBGm_qUR3HV9SajP4fkLJ6a73kT2BlKqOBsVzygv4Jvn/s1600/myanmar.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 255px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipCjHil7B-8Fq4j13sHCSfQ3xt-IgSvmF8OIs0sLXq2sSEXxjywd1CM7NTC5hiivqg_Kc3LkmexEqxyybhC-KU3V07KVmTVPdUXBGm_qUR3HV9SajP4fkLJ6a73kT2BlKqOBsVzygv4Jvn/s400/myanmar.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5749138907253908322" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: %; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><p align="center"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/MjfNM36sjgs" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" width="480"></iframe></p></div></span></div></span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-18040558883609386802012-04-22T00:53:00.001-07:002012-04-22T00:53:00.840-07:00Photos of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon) 1860 - 1900<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoJD7a0w8pYTyyoSZDMlzgzNzfGvfNjraC8P0A-yNRP2yM-OgAi9qM1BakHMza8bDkIkG7lgCW5CuSa3v7fjZtqj_lt3zBkWK4l2P5wzgWx8KdBL2Aw_D_rgp25oa768aoyOFD5eSc5o8/s1600/254781_10150252496141958_45926236957_7905433_2211452_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 321px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitoJD7a0w8pYTyyoSZDMlzgzNzfGvfNjraC8P0A-yNRP2yM-OgAi9qM1BakHMza8bDkIkG7lgCW5CuSa3v7fjZtqj_lt3zBkWK4l2P5wzgWx8KdBL2Aw_D_rgp25oa768aoyOFD5eSc5o8/s400/254781_10150252496141958_45926236957_7905433_2211452_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733763039185757986" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />Photograph from the Curzon Collection, of shrines at the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Rangoon (Yangon), taken by Watts and Skeen in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma's most celebrated Buddhist temple. It stands on the summit of Singuttara Hill in northern Rangoon and is believed to have originated in the time of the Buddha in the sixth century. In its current form however it dates mostly from the 18th century. This is a view of shrines on the platform surrounding the main pagoda in the temple complex. There are more than a hundred, and they are a mixture of two architectural types: conical structures with terraced octagonal bases known as stupas or zedis; and pavilions with tiered roofs or spires known as tazaungs. The variety and richness of decoration, including wood carving and stucco work, is characteristic of Burmese religious architecture. Of particular note are the flamboyant and intricate carvings ornamenting the tiered roof of the tallest pagoda.</span></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCh0hPhwNIYzwzp06FRMrXkY_9FySbVq1lx64ktLoRdclrd3c6pDB5fYknnMxTbKgrff_nNDE9-2V6Y0ZjeYlg6UJx3kyfHff3J0TGmpxIOkd6Z9h6Jr1N0ntKwxAo_AAa2PHN4tggAlw7/s1600/263308_10150252494541958_45926236957_7905427_7536630_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 306px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCh0hPhwNIYzwzp06FRMrXkY_9FySbVq1lx64ktLoRdclrd3c6pDB5fYknnMxTbKgrff_nNDE9-2V6Y0ZjeYlg6UJx3kyfHff3J0TGmpxIOkd6Z9h6Jr1N0ntKwxAo_AAa2PHN4tggAlw7/s400/263308_10150252494541958_45926236957_7905427_7536630_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733762770875318914" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of a prayer post at the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda), Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. Tall prayer posts, known as tagondaings or dagun-daings, are found at Burmese shrines and used in Buddhist temple ritual. They are usually ornamented at the top with a mythical hintha bird and a long streamer. This view shows a stepped plinth at the base of the pole with vividly-realised sculptures of figures from the Burmese pantheon of territorial spirits known as nats, guardians of Burmese temples such as the Shwe Dagon. The prayer-post is situated on the platform surrounding the main shrine, a stupa. A smaller stupa and a pavilion decorated with ornate woodcarving can be seen in the background.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivjIKcPnEzsYha13AtU6rEJwGzTqV2aT1rewSdEDqex4Hlnwb67WPy9_u1gEfstRnB-_toHWkbhQLsQdk0OIFda9i9MIHaR8YOgJ9LADydgXqQhWM9IK_NqZUu5WTLD7LfZ9R8v8b_mZcG/s1600/272773_10150252493086958_45926236957_7905421_5379235_o%25281%2529.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 294px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivjIKcPnEzsYha13AtU6rEJwGzTqV2aT1rewSdEDqex4Hlnwb67WPy9_u1gEfstRnB-_toHWkbhQLsQdk0OIFda9i9MIHaR8YOgJ9LADydgXqQhWM9IK_NqZUu5WTLD7LfZ9R8v8b_mZcG/s400/272773_10150252493086958_45926236957_7905421_5379235_o%25281%2529.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733762598271886274" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of musicians at the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. Burma has a vast classical music repertoire known as the Maha Gita, or Great Song, and a rich tradition of ensemble musical performance. The musicians in this view are performing on the platform of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine and site of pilgrimage. The base of the main stupa can be seen behind the musicians. In Burma the violin was traditionally played by blind musicians and is held upright rather than horizontally. The photograph is from an album devoted almost entirely to Lord Elgin's Burma tour of November to December 1898. Victor Alexander Bruce (1849-1917), ninth Earl of Elgin and 13th Earl of Kincardine, served as Viceroy of India between 1894 and 1899.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicYZKNit-L9cHkTZZHlEpM8TWMt7yVOJawTEehct15UI2DU3yMZvzrFckF-LGWbJWKL3jUowQ7mRg6_NU3_eTbOUx8HN-jbfPFZf6TT1LWIu8NzC1SsJbcIT_4MYSXYIt4ZTtFV0k6xwLA/s1600/280697_10150252493006958_45926236957_7905419_287273_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 309px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicYZKNit-L9cHkTZZHlEpM8TWMt7yVOJawTEehct15UI2DU3yMZvzrFckF-LGWbJWKL3jUowQ7mRg6_NU3_eTbOUx8HN-jbfPFZf6TT1LWIu8NzC1SsJbcIT_4MYSXYIt4ZTtFV0k6xwLA/s400/280697_10150252493006958_45926236957_7905419_287273_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733762381834026866" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of glass mosaic decoration on a shrine at the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda) in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. This is a general view of the shrine on the platform of the Shwe Dagon, showing intricately carved spandrels and eaves in teak, and pillars covered in mirrored glass mosaic. These were important ornamental elements used on Burmese temples to symbolise the heavenly realm and to create an impression of luxury and magnificence. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine, and contains many lavishly and richly decorated buildings. A small group of Shans is posed in front of the shrine. The Shans, one of Burma's many ethnic groups, are of Tai-Chinese stock. They originally migrated here from south-west China. Klier was known as a specialist in art photography and his work was published in art books. He was interested in portraying images of glass mosaics, woodcarving and other crafts of Burma. In fact he later became a dealer in arts and crafts such as silverware and furniture.The photograph is reproduced as Plate 4 in Harry L. Tilly, 'Glass Mosaics of Burma' (Rangoon, 1901), and there captioned 'Base of main shrine facing the east'.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4IuYqxvjv_xwEhHBcwAyVFb7Lm1ggoqXl_H2I-gPRa73LTKlHVoUwqcQImWZXkeEHq8lQSRuurfIDrBz_yafw3jmFPD4NonyuTJboopw5xZ8clyxK2owJ2MsyK1oYFQuyWAXAsXekHqPT/s1600/188255_10150252490546958_45926236957_7905406_3072907_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 270px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4IuYqxvjv_xwEhHBcwAyVFb7Lm1ggoqXl_H2I-gPRa73LTKlHVoUwqcQImWZXkeEHq8lQSRuurfIDrBz_yafw3jmFPD4NonyuTJboopw5xZ8clyxK2owJ2MsyK1oYFQuyWAXAsXekHqPT/s400/188255_10150252490546958_45926236957_7905406_3072907_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733762118698275218" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">This aquatint was made from plate 2 of 'Views in the Burman Empire' by Captain James Kershaw. This view was taken midway between Rangoon and its celebrated monument, the Shwedagon Pagoda. The British troops occupied this road, having taken Rangoon in 1824 on their advance into Burma. Kershaw wrote: "Nothing can exceed the beauty of a ramble on this road, where at every step the eye is presented with continual changes in the size and the construction of numerous Pagodas which flank each side ... the whole being beautifully shaded with all the richness of Eastern foliage and the faintest breeze being responded to by the tinkling of innumerable small bells, so suspended to the tee, or crown work of the pagoda, as to vibrate with the lightest air." In the distance, the river turns to the sea, "to which point our eyes were so frequently directed to discover the first approach of the ships, on the arrival of which so many of our comforts depended".</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRf6hzECLNUCpjEG0NtFAKaXfJ2R6I_pybBwXYViSp7K-2yl0DN28U7fh9YO6VTY6A3jkLemD_Z7s3BLCj48IZH9qKdlCLca9lCCrqtIk3nLMEXhFmaBZ_qA6objCWedamXy6gYCpITzOf/s1600/263319_10150252490511958_45926236957_7905404_7367934_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 258px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRf6hzECLNUCpjEG0NtFAKaXfJ2R6I_pybBwXYViSp7K-2yl0DN28U7fh9YO6VTY6A3jkLemD_Z7s3BLCj48IZH9qKdlCLca9lCCrqtIk3nLMEXhFmaBZ_qA6objCWedamXy6gYCpITzOf/s400/263319_10150252490511958_45926236957_7905404_7367934_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733761947436118002" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><div style="text-align: justify;">This aquatint was taken from plate 4 of 'Views in the Burman Empire' by Captain James Kershaw. Referring to the celebrated Shwedagon Paya, Kershaw wrote: "The stupendous proof of the labour to which religious superstition can prompt a nation, is built upon the highest point of land near Rangoon, and about two miles distant from the town."<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />The origin of the Golden Dagon, the most sacred Buddhist monument in Burma, is shrouded in myth. It was reputedly built during the Buddha's lifetime to enshrine eight of his hairs, and to have been repaired by the great Indian emperor Ashoka. Modern scholars, however, believe it was constructed some 1,000 years later. Certainly rebuilt several times, its present form dates from 1769. Four walkways lead to it on Singuttara Hill, and the glittering, gilded main stupa, over 90 metres high, is surrounded by numerous temples, statues and pavilions. Kershaw writes of his view: "The temple immediately in front presents one of the most perfect specimens of Burman carving."</span></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbX-3M8SEvZI_4_gsYeQ1Zx8dPF2-s4wIsB_s3iz1CPWbT4k6lrlYUQK8O_Ln51XXlYSgWnGzt4NdxH1igGgq4tgFiQg4Mr9fj1ew5SZUlwctFpT4d0lZwql7BsyrL32yQatKDnd3cN219/s1600/281489_10150252490431958_45926236957_7905402_1458620_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 263px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbX-3M8SEvZI_4_gsYeQ1Zx8dPF2-s4wIsB_s3iz1CPWbT4k6lrlYUQK8O_Ln51XXlYSgWnGzt4NdxH1igGgq4tgFiQg4Mr9fj1ew5SZUlwctFpT4d0lZwql7BsyrL32yQatKDnd3cN219/s400/281489_10150252490431958_45926236957_7905402_1458620_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733761733154644610" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">This aquatint was made from plate 6 of 'Views in the Burman Empire' by Captain James Kershaw. He wrote: "This ascent to the Shoe Shando Prah, or Great Pagoda, is in the principal road from the town towards the country, and during the heavy rains was converted into a temporary barrack for European soldiers." Having taken Rangoon, the troops under General Campbell marched north into Pye, the ancient town known to the British as Prome.</span><br /><span class="hasCaption"> </span><br /><span class="hasCaption"> Its name derives from the people known as Pyu who created city-states in Burma in the first millennium. Shwesandaw Pagoda is the town's most famous site, the name means Golden Hair Relic and it is believed to contain a couple of hairs of the Buddha. A little taller than the Shwedagon in Rangoon, this stupa is impressive on its hilltop setting.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnsrKQ7bYA2ry3WN45URVfU2luLBqbTRzPNLlN2-5SbqUZQpkJSpoKQK4Xfj-Z8wXy725QAS8JwfZVlijHbSKLtfjTZZOukhi6fI3Kh8-3pkfFZ6D7B3_0BE2fPYENnHcmE2q1VEuo1rXo/s1600/189256_10150253231056958_45926236957_7913052_1429897_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 310px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnsrKQ7bYA2ry3WN45URVfU2luLBqbTRzPNLlN2-5SbqUZQpkJSpoKQK4Xfj-Z8wXy725QAS8JwfZVlijHbSKLtfjTZZOukhi6fI3Kh8-3pkfFZ6D7B3_0BE2fPYENnHcmE2q1VEuo1rXo/s400/189256_10150253231056958_45926236957_7913052_1429897_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733760317472680530" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon), taken by J. Jackson in c.1868, part of an album of 43 views of Burma (Myanmar) from the Sladen Collection. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist temple. It is of ancient origin, according to legend founded in the 6th century BC when two merchant brothers encountered the Buddha and received eight of his hairs which they took back to Burma and enshrined. Its documented history begins from the 14th century from which date successive Burmese rulers embellished it. The main shrine is built in the characteristic Burmese form of stupa or zedi (a solid structure containing sacred relics, precious stones or images of the Buddha), and is gilded a bright and dazzling gold. It stands on a terraced platform on Singuttara Hill, surrounded by many other shrines and pavilions. This is a general view of the stupa from the platform. Its bell-shaped body narrows to a pointed spire culminating in a hti or umbrella, and rests on a series of square and octagonal terraces. The stupa is surrounded by sixty-four satellite stupas (the smaller conical structures) and by statues of manuthihas (sphinxes) and chinthes (leogryphs), traditional guardian figures of Burmese temples.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2zaMh_kx53H5I2_hXlyAMBVdxZG5wTSQcb3Nju3TXl7PGUMn73VDUqhN1d4pczvoVgtWz2JT9BHG_p-XEz_4uhOha21L215Y_Uyzoz95UcdZlG0orii7xH3sGt7pVhfzODmNkqcw4U29v/s1600/188270_10150253231036958_45926236957_7913051_8268203_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 296px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2zaMh_kx53H5I2_hXlyAMBVdxZG5wTSQcb3Nju3TXl7PGUMn73VDUqhN1d4pczvoVgtWz2JT9BHG_p-XEz_4uhOha21L215Y_Uyzoz95UcdZlG0orii7xH3sGt7pVhfzODmNkqcw4U29v/s400/188270_10150253231036958_45926236957_7913051_8268203_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733760010746438402" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the approach road to the southern and principal entrance of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon), taken by J. Jackson in c.1868, part of an album of 43 views of Burma (Myanmar) from the Sladen Collection. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine and stands at the centre of a terraced site on Singuttara Hill. Legend states that it is of ancient origins, built to enshrine hair relics of the Buddha. Its documented history dates from the 14th century when the Mon king Binnya U raised its stupa to 22 ms., and successive rulers from then on added to its height and embellished it over the centuries. The road terminates in a flight of steps leading to an archway with towers at either side, surmounted by tiered pyat-that spires and overgrown with vegetation. Beyond lies a covered staircase that ascends to the pagoda platform. The conical spire of the main shrine, a gilded stupa or zedi, rises above the trees. The spire is decorated with a series of bands and lotus leaves and culminates in an umbrella or hti at the pinnacle. Statues of two bilus or ogres guard the entrance at either side of the steps and in the foreground at left is another temple or monastic building. The tripod around which several figures are gathered at the base of the steps is presumably part of Jackson's equipment.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzlh2scAwU7QH58HulLyju8I37UaBmpXMgNI3OhA7cukGiXG_jgbNNDcU6ajcOedPyOTWJldq9HBr-4bAFR24KL5i_UQMMHduC4XHm8zCPI9HiOf2hSXtWU8xC4eQpM6v9IcEdx6a7ysj/s1600/254724_10150253231011958_45926236957_7913050_2128543_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzlh2scAwU7QH58HulLyju8I37UaBmpXMgNI3OhA7cukGiXG_jgbNNDcU6ajcOedPyOTWJldq9HBr-4bAFR24KL5i_UQMMHduC4XHm8zCPI9HiOf2hSXtWU8xC4eQpM6v9IcEdx6a7ysj/s400/254724_10150253231011958_45926236957_7913050_2128543_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733759796242256962" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the Royal Lake at eventide in Rangoon (Yangon), taken by J. Jackson in c.1868, part of an album of 43 views of Burma (Myanmar) from the Sladen Collection. This view looks westwards across the lake in Dalhousie Park (now Bogyoke Aung San Park). Dalhousie Park was created in the mid-19th century by the British to plans drawn up in 1856 by William Scott of the Calcutta Botanic Gardens. It was laid out around the Kandawgyi or Royal Lake, one of two lakes in northern Rangoon to the east of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda. The lake had a pleasing irregular outline which was further landscaped. The celebrated gilded stupa of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda can be seen on the horizon in the distance. The most venerated Buddhist shrine in Burma, it could be seen from all over the city due to its elevated position on the summit of Singuttara Hill.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3y6MKl3lSSu3QOzeVxj7s2uWsUATGDqkn3SH-vVSgZ0cXd28kj6K7EWCqSHUu_A4PVwPD-yMGe7-06WTi99vkheayMXDH2XMLf9KHnKslyYgdoz30NMKL25WbSBldcqDXkB-gzH0LaEF_/s1600/250073_10150253230986958_45926236957_7913049_5085573_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 310px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3y6MKl3lSSu3QOzeVxj7s2uWsUATGDqkn3SH-vVSgZ0cXd28kj6K7EWCqSHUu_A4PVwPD-yMGe7-06WTi99vkheayMXDH2XMLf9KHnKslyYgdoz30NMKL25WbSBldcqDXkB-gzH0LaEF_/s400/250073_10150253230986958_45926236957_7913049_5085573_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733759449501949378" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the South Entrance to the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Rangoon, taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma's most revered Buddhist shrine. It stands on the summit of Singuttara Hill in northern Rangoon and is of ancient origins. This is a view of the main entrance, which meets the approach road from central Rangoon and the city’s port to the south. A colonnaded hall is surmounted by tiered roofs known as pyat-thats, a characteristic feature of Burmese royal and religious architecture. They are richly decorated with carved wooden flame finials on the eaves and umbrellas or hti on the spires. To the right is a colossal chinthe, a mythical animal which is the half-lion, half-griffin guardian figure of Burmese temples. Beyond the entrance hall lies a covered stairway leading up to the pagoda platform.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOhxUpkQnybzgYNy6zbByaNgMp2HtfIhA6l5O6oH6YqYkZgN6HgkrLyW09g7N9dhzTZG9vO8_jLNzckRIeId599ibhF39lmvYPo6Sus9qKqTYhYsryzrQXn2SiITyXDUiGl_ylS4-kfOgi/s1600/198761_10150253230916958_45926236957_7913047_2467641_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 326px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOhxUpkQnybzgYNy6zbByaNgMp2HtfIhA6l5O6oH6YqYkZgN6HgkrLyW09g7N9dhzTZG9vO8_jLNzckRIeId599ibhF39lmvYPo6Sus9qKqTYhYsryzrQXn2SiITyXDUiGl_ylS4-kfOgi/s400/198761_10150253230916958_45926236957_7913047_2467641_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733759208748701410" border="0" /></a><br /><div align="justify"><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph from the Curzon Collection, of the Sandawdwin or Hair Relics Well at the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Watts and Skeen in the 1890s. The sacred well stands on the platform of the Shwe Dagon, Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine, which according to legend was founded in the sixth century BC to enshrine hair relics of the Buddha. The well marks the place where the relics were washed in a spring thought to be fed by the Irrawaddy (Ayeyarwady) River. This general view shows the brick shrine built over the well in 1879, with steps flanked by nagas, or mythical serpents, and a tiered pyat-that spire. A monk stands in front of the well and behind can be seen one of two Shan umbrellas.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-90189107717247969662012-04-22T00:41:00.000-07:002012-04-22T00:41:00.446-07:00Photos of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon) 1855 - 1900<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRsK3UJXs4nZIUKoTgVfbq1e3GpgUCytsJUb5c6z3ZOZnvWvE2zjsRAbjz1r5T6mSfmJcAOyWGJ9tpU_RWJd6CvxE6KYbhgQdfSIx6Bf49juaAvqPGbU9UIYXAi3EXbpVdFTsd8Hzdh6d7/s1600/280786_10150253230881958_45926236957_7913046_8089792_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 198px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRsK3UJXs4nZIUKoTgVfbq1e3GpgUCytsJUb5c6z3ZOZnvWvE2zjsRAbjz1r5T6mSfmJcAOyWGJ9tpU_RWJd6CvxE6KYbhgQdfSIx6Bf49juaAvqPGbU9UIYXAi3EXbpVdFTsd8Hzdh6d7/s400/280786_10150253230881958_45926236957_7913046_8089792_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733758248386365746" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />Stereoscopic pair of photographs taken by Underwood & Underwood in c.1900 of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). The Shwe Dagon is a giant gilded stupa of legendary origins which stands at the heart of a Buddhist temple complex on a hill in Rangoon. It is the city’s most famous and revered monument. These prints show a view of ornate shrines, a temple bell, and tall flagstaffs on the temple platform with palm trees in the background. They are from a collection of 36 stereoscopic views of Burma, one of a series of “stereoscopic tours” of foreign countries published as part of the ‘Underwood Travel Library’. Stereoscopic views became enormously popular from the mid-19th century onward as they enabled observers to imagine that they were really “touring” around distant parts of the world. Each pair of views, made using a special camera with two lenses, is mounted on stout card for insertion in a stereoscope or binocular viewer. This device creates the illusion of a single three-dimensional image in the mind of the observer by using the binocular function of human sight to combine the two images, which are seen from fractionally different viewpoints. The photographs in this set are generally of high quality and selected for their clarity and instructive value. A few of the mounts also have a detailed descriptive caption printed on the reverse, with instructions (presumably for the guidance of teachers) as to what general topic the photograph illustrates.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztNNglV0BzNWqMe1Df_3_gjJaOUg58i3S9TAeR7sd-3zuJjEk9IAD8KFYdiilLbhX9jCARv-J5vJLvvIorVxw3peM8hZjuCL-0kXdkKzndLvej-0WH3jn66WT1JUdtPbXoTfrF-ktRF5n/s1600/271727_10150253230856958_45926236957_7913045_4916716_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjztNNglV0BzNWqMe1Df_3_gjJaOUg58i3S9TAeR7sd-3zuJjEk9IAD8KFYdiilLbhX9jCARv-J5vJLvvIorVxw3peM8hZjuCL-0kXdkKzndLvej-0WH3jn66WT1JUdtPbXoTfrF-ktRF5n/s400/271727_10150253230856958_45926236957_7913045_4916716_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733758046742825282" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />Stereoscopic pair of photographs taken by Underwood & Underwood in c.1900 of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). The Shwe Dagon is a giant gilded stupa of legendary origins which stands at the heart of a Buddhist temple complex on a hill in Rangoon. It is the city’s most famous and revered monument. The prints show a view overlooking shrines on the platform of the Shwe Dagon taken from the stepped sides of the main stupa. They are from a collection of 36 stereoscopic views of Burma, one in a series of "stereoscopic tours" of foreign countries published as the ‘Underwood Travel Library’. Stereoscopic views became enormously popular from the mid-19th century onward as they enabled observers to imagine that they were really “touring” around distant parts of the world. Each pair of views, made using a special camera with two lenses, is mounted on stout card for insertion in a stereoscope or binocular viewer. This device creates the illusion of a single three-dimensional image in the mind of the observer by using the binocular function of human sight to combine the two images, which are seen from fractionally different viewpoints. The photographs in this set are generally of high quality and selected for their clarity and instructive value. A few of the mounts also have a detailed descriptive caption printed on the reverse, with instructions (presumably for the guidance of teachers) as to what general topic the photograph illustrates.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8TMmKfBPlZTYx3-GCx6QzWaGTgOHp-mi_98TA-CDy9PosvcKrxg2m5unjsnNyM5rywcOV5Pd_cO6YeBeCfZ1yDYx6UN5RQpQIxiONZLQ1Ladr0aLkOJYpgBT-cuELfWEY4diKpQ4_iEpD/s1600/273142_10150253230816958_45926236957_7913044_1380774_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 312px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8TMmKfBPlZTYx3-GCx6QzWaGTgOHp-mi_98TA-CDy9PosvcKrxg2m5unjsnNyM5rywcOV5Pd_cO6YeBeCfZ1yDYx6UN5RQpQIxiONZLQ1Ladr0aLkOJYpgBT-cuELfWEY4diKpQ4_iEpD/s400/273142_10150253230816958_45926236957_7913044_1380774_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733757813200959218" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />Photograph of a dagun-daing or prayer-post at the Shwe Dagon in Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar), taken by Frederick Oscar Oertel during the 1870s. Dagun-daings, the tall prayer-posts found at Burmese temples and used in Buddhist ritual, are usually decorated at the top with a mythical bird known as a hintha, and a long streamer. This image shows the base of the pole and a stepped plinth on which are seated vividly-realised sculptures of spirit figures from the Burmese pantheon known as nats, and bilus or ogres, both guardians of Burmese temples such as the Shwe Dagon. The prayer-post is situated on the platform surrounding the main pagoda or stupa, which can be seen in the background together with smaller satellite stupas. The Shwe Dagon is Burma's most important and iconic Buddhist shrine, tradition associating its origins with the life of the Buddha. This photograph was reproduced in George W. Bird, 'Wanderings in Burma' (London, 1897). It is one of a series of images in the Temple Collection documenting Burmese pagodas which were taken from a set of slides used by Sir Richard Carnac Temple to illustrate a lecture on 'Developments in Buddhist Architecture'.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKUIGFIadwRSeHFnauUFQbc5ueJf8TTbV7il9YqzOlDej2-tJF9b63uhis6vDoh7LWCBAmvDKgZATc-bxp1ygIZTAg1wBHbtvufJY9MeFRS9UHNXppT1ahn5F6f35-0D7Z5TV6hcx0xScF/s1600/279423_10150253230746958_45926236957_7913043_8167900_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 313px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKUIGFIadwRSeHFnauUFQbc5ueJf8TTbV7il9YqzOlDej2-tJF9b63uhis6vDoh7LWCBAmvDKgZATc-bxp1ygIZTAg1wBHbtvufJY9MeFRS9UHNXppT1ahn5F6f35-0D7Z5TV6hcx0xScF/s400/279423_10150253230746958_45926236957_7913043_8167900_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733757599494637698" border="0" /></a></div><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of a group of men and women at prayer on the platform of the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda), Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine and a site of pilgrimage. It is of ancient origin, according to legend founded in the 6th century BC to enshrine hair relics of the last Buddha. The main shrine is built in the characteristic Burmese form of a stupa or zedi, a solid, gilded structure containing the relics. It stands on a terraced platform on Singuttara Hill, surrounded by many other shrines and pavilions which are visited by worshippers in great numbers.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXLofYuHHtpbk9oyZoj4XZ4VbL4YbFHA2NH_cNiNOQoh_fOvAqdLLwyxNREAYIzHAXP6aomF8pwoSkZtiADKc3HTCMipvDr_vu7G1E28pCF-hkEJHz7rzed3bJSnhJA_DFtTUx6Wk2PIX/s1600/197737_10150253230726958_45926236957_7913042_6131213_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 307px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJXLofYuHHtpbk9oyZoj4XZ4VbL4YbFHA2NH_cNiNOQoh_fOvAqdLLwyxNREAYIzHAXP6aomF8pwoSkZtiADKc3HTCMipvDr_vu7G1E28pCF-hkEJHz7rzed3bJSnhJA_DFtTUx6Wk2PIX/s400/197737_10150253230726958_45926236957_7913042_6131213_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733757375677755618" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the façade of the east entrance to the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda) at Rangoon (Yangon), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Burmese have an ancient tradition of woodcarving, at which they excel both technically and aesthetically. Beautifully-carved and ornate wooden elements such as the intricate scrollwork spandrels framed between the columns and the foliated eaves in this view are a characteristic feature of Burmese sacred architecture. The spandrels depict an episode from the legendary foundation story of the Shwe Dagon, Burma's most revered Buddhist shrine. Tapissa and Balika, two Burmese merchant brothers, shown on the right with bullock-drawn carts, were encouraged by a nat spirit to seek out the Buddha in India and found him meditating under a sacred Bo tree. He is shown in the carving seated on the left. On their departure, the brothers were given eight hairs from his head and asked to enshrine them as relics on Singuttara Hill where the pagoda now stands.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhk6sWZUAscYe383MV6Gy9Ji-4G9vBONACPJujWTaRObwWt5lvwR9pK92AfdZUUoPGZFgXgDFyjaaaSXFxWpq1Pu29EXatBtYuV6kaaJazp4ZnxjTuaAwV0z4ovmGJ-BOKcWgPe65kaOYe/s1600/278882_10150253230681958_45926236957_7913041_7968233_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 310px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhk6sWZUAscYe383MV6Gy9Ji-4G9vBONACPJujWTaRObwWt5lvwR9pK92AfdZUUoPGZFgXgDFyjaaaSXFxWpq1Pu29EXatBtYuV6kaaJazp4ZnxjTuaAwV0z4ovmGJ-BOKcWgPe65kaOYe/s400/278882_10150253230681958_45926236957_7913041_7968233_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733757072871653490" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda), at Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist temple. It is of ancient origin, according to legend founded in the 6th century BC to enshrine hair relics of the Buddha. The main shrine is built in the characteristic Burmese form of a stupa or zedi, a solid structure containing sacred relics, precious stones or images of the Buddha, and is gilded a bright and dazzling gold. It stands on a terraced platform on Singuttara Hill, surrounded by many other shrines and pavilions. This is a general view of the stupa from the platform. Its bell-shaped body narrows to a pointed spire culminating in a hti or umbrella, and rests on a series of square and octagonal terraces. The stupa is surrounded by sixty-four satellite stupas (the smaller conical structures) and by statues of manuthihas (sphinxes) and chinthes (leogryphs), the traditional guardian figures of Burmese temples.</span><br /></div><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLWXvn3o-6GG40ZQ-LIBPu-js7GsmcADhVZO1pwm3YukyF3CiGuwUAv7lWASlifx41MVMIkXy_4H61hu5G7hkv51glKWx9sllF_j64AE-NY25g0Um5Q4Zfq63rrOQwpQ1T9v-FqdteKDmg/s1600/282400_10150253230646958_45926236957_7913039_3021017_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 308px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLWXvn3o-6GG40ZQ-LIBPu-js7GsmcADhVZO1pwm3YukyF3CiGuwUAv7lWASlifx41MVMIkXy_4H61hu5G7hkv51glKWx9sllF_j64AE-NY25g0Um5Q4Zfq63rrOQwpQ1T9v-FqdteKDmg/s400/282400_10150253230646958_45926236957_7913039_3021017_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733756606334044114" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a view of the portico of the west entrance of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record. According to legend, the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, most revered of all the Buddhist monuments of Burma, was founded in the lifetime of the Buddha as a reliquary to enshrine eight hairs from his head brought back from India by two merchant brothers, Tapissa and Balika. While the core of the stupa may be very ancient, the whole is relatively more recent. It has been rebuilt several times from the 14th century onwards and the structure as seen by Tripe's mission dates from the 1770s when King Hsinbushin made many improvements to it. The ascent to the stupa on its platform is by four stairways from the four cardinal points. The western entrance and staircase was closed for a long period when the pagoda was under military use during British rule.</span></div></div><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEine0O5OwepUyAPD-3nXa7sxxoYMPy13uvi9j-9Sc2dkcwAggNbxbetK8nvyHZV5sUSbUE8ui1z2PMcCLl8TZ8E8dcpsjMDLNlGgbL_aNirM_UN-w6bLllJ5y5rBmc2t21XefsVj6odo49L/s1600/278437_10150253230636958_45926236957_7913038_56042_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEine0O5OwepUyAPD-3nXa7sxxoYMPy13uvi9j-9Sc2dkcwAggNbxbetK8nvyHZV5sUSbUE8ui1z2PMcCLl8TZ8E8dcpsjMDLNlGgbL_aNirM_UN-w6bLllJ5y5rBmc2t21XefsVj6odo49L/s400/278437_10150253230636958_45926236957_7913038_56042_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733756430153640642" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a general view of one of the ancillary pagodas of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record. Tripe wrote, 'On the platform of the Shwe Dagon. There were numbers around the great Pagoda similar to this, which have been destroyed'. The Shwe Dagon stupa on Singuttara Hill is Burma's most significant Buddhist monument, of great national importance. Traditional history states that it was founded in the 6th century to enshrine eight hairs from the Buddha's head. Its documented history begins from the 14th century from which time a succession of rulers rebuilt it or made improvements to it. The bell-shaped main stupa or zedi rises to a height of just under 100 ms, and is surrounded by a multitude of smaller shrines such as planetary shrines arranged around it in no particular order or grouping on its terraced platform.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSStCzpmucDzYxenNsnjX7scGnvh0gGKWS-1DUO8UgztBuLIS7-UKjt7A0GydR_tJahwifWUR0txrtrzcXUQI_9rejpi_n4Nyy9lyiS0ZBSNj_ZsE6JGI4Vr4gNIORkkSXHSjJo8j3k6hh/s1600/224463_10150253230546958_45926236957_7913032_2704906_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 308px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSStCzpmucDzYxenNsnjX7scGnvh0gGKWS-1DUO8UgztBuLIS7-UKjt7A0GydR_tJahwifWUR0txrtrzcXUQI_9rejpi_n4Nyy9lyiS0ZBSNj_ZsE6JGI4Vr4gNIORkkSXHSjJo8j3k6hh/s400/224463_10150253230546958_45926236957_7913032_2704906_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733756285938534626" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a view of the</span> <span class="hasCaption">hinthas or hamsas (mythical birds) atop sacred flagstaffs or dagun-daings of the </span><span class="hasCaption">Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). Linnaeus Tripe wrote, 'These, painted in bright colours diapered with gold and silver (traces of which still remain) must have had a very gay appearance. Henza [hintha] staves are attached to all pagodas'. The hintha bird (or hamsa in Sanskrit) features in many Jataka tales: the stories which narrate details of the Buddha's previous lives. In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record. The Shwe Dagon stupa on Singuttara Hill is Burma's most significant Buddhist monument, of great national importance. Traditional history states that it was founded in the 6th century to enshrine eight hairs from the Buddha's head. Its documented history begins from the 14th century from which time a succession of rulers rebuilt it or made improvements to it.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvBzkbrPiVRXl16T8_Fo9Ez13FuZQpU5N-T8c16RW5D7PUlNRiCwN9luaonru1HXAO5Om4l9hTMNIMBusvAHraUOighAgp4j8vQsXEj7p_ggTjdbpvk-Yb13dP1d079-OYZkP_qQTTIRc-/s1600/282193_10150253230506958_45926236957_7913031_8349749_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 296px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvBzkbrPiVRXl16T8_Fo9Ez13FuZQpU5N-T8c16RW5D7PUlNRiCwN9luaonru1HXAO5Om4l9hTMNIMBusvAHraUOighAgp4j8vQsXEj7p_ggTjdbpvk-Yb13dP1d079-OYZkP_qQTTIRc-/s400/282193_10150253230506958_45926236957_7913031_8349749_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733756082850562546" border="0" /></a><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a view of the east tazaung (devotional chapel) of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). The tazaung is a square open-sided wooden pavilion with a tiered roof, and in the foreground can be seen the guardian lions or chinthes. Tripe wrote, 'The base of the Pagoda is ornamented by brickwork lions, having altars for offerings before them; their necks and the scrolls above them are inlaid with a mosaic of mirror - in the panelling behind too, were squares of mirror, the rest having once been gilt; the effect of the whole must have been very brilliant'. In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record. The Shwe Dagon stupa on Singuttara Hill is Burma's most significant Buddhist monument, of great national importance. Traditional history states that it was founded in the 6th century to enshrine eight hairs from the Buddha's head. Its documented history begins from the 14th century from which time a succession of rulers rebuilt it or made improvements to it. The ascent to the stupa on its platform is by four stairways from the four cardinal points. Tazaungs on the platform are adoration halls where offerings are made and prayers are said before rows of Buddha images. Each of the cardinal tazaungs is dedicated to one of the four Buddhas of this era (kalpa or kappa). The eastern tazaung is dedicated to Kakusandha, the first Buddha of this era.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><br /><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-42018748162017622782012-04-21T00:21:00.014-07:002012-04-21T00:39:51.758-07:00Photos of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon) 1860 - 1890<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOpP9h_zR3keCHczs8fKx9s8Mi0r6gS_8lWPZeMu3Q_nbnxy5Bju2p0_bFxj3lTvIyJuy51dUzxRuSblneMlNqyY4kk1Y0s0flRELruyvm-vFjJBZOZog17LldHkKjllc6v9t9DF-q_eeH/s1600/268701_10150253230476958_45926236957_7913030_5447313_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 306px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOpP9h_zR3keCHczs8fKx9s8Mi0r6gS_8lWPZeMu3Q_nbnxy5Bju2p0_bFxj3lTvIyJuy51dUzxRuSblneMlNqyY4kk1Y0s0flRELruyvm-vFjJBZOZog17LldHkKjllc6v9t9DF-q_eeH/s400/268701_10150253230476958_45926236957_7913030_5447313_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733754566258336930" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a view looking towards the steps and southern gateway of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). Tripe wrote, 'The road which leads to this, is, on festival days, crowded with Burmese, men, women, and children, in gay silks and muslins carrying offerings to the Pagoda'. According to legend, the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, most revered of all the Buddhist monuments of Burma, was founded in the lifetime of the Buddha as a reliquary to enshrine eight hairs from his head brought back from India by two merchant brothers, Tapissa and Balika. While the core of the stupa may be very ancient, the whole is relatively more recent. It has been rebuilt several times from the 14th century onwards and the structure as seen by Tripe's mission dates from the 1770s when King Hsinbushin of the Konbaung dynasty made many improvements to it. The ascent to the stupa on its platform is by four stairways from the four cardinal points. The southern stairway is the traditional entrance to the Shwe Dagon although today people also use the eastern stairway. In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record.</span><span class="fcg"></span><br /><span class="fcg"></span></div><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuD6VVMumvwfq7yJHstfC7UP8sna4drX3YyebGDM6QcphkdubDkRa7AXgGA8osTeXYorFyWGfCpspuGQxkw6omFPdUpCbt6XUdZl3M6SUOikBzVTx2fjmzhlTndmR_bdeqoB0p5YG-3hpP/s1600/279843_10150253230416958_45926236957_7913029_3790733_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 273px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuD6VVMumvwfq7yJHstfC7UP8sna4drX3YyebGDM6QcphkdubDkRa7AXgGA8osTeXYorFyWGfCpspuGQxkw6omFPdUpCbt6XUdZl3M6SUOikBzVTx2fjmzhlTndmR_bdeqoB0p5YG-3hpP/s400/279843_10150253230416958_45926236957_7913029_3790733_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733754319196028930" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the south entrance to the Shwe Dagon Pagoda at Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The south entrance is the main entrance to the Shwe Dagon, Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine. The pagoda is believed to have ancient origins, legend states that it was founded to enshrine eight hairs from the Buddha's head which he presented to two wandering Burmese merchant brothers who encountered him. Since the 14th century its recorded history reveals that rulers through the centuries have added to its height and gilded it, until today its glittering spire dominates the skyline of Rangoon. This view looking towards the entrance gateway shows a flight of steps flanked by two giant chinthes or mythical lions, the guardian figures of Burmese temples. At the top of the steps a wide masonry archway is crowned by three spires or pyat-thats, architectural elements which demarcate sacred space. The arch is decorated with lions and foliate carving and surrounded by a carved heavenly landscape populated by figures from the Burmese pantheon of territorial spirits known as nats. Beyond the archway a covered staircase leads up to the pagoda platform on Singuttara Hill. The photograph is from an album devoted almost entirely to Lord Elgin's Burma tour of November to December 1898. Victor Alexander Bruce (1849-1917), ninth Earl of Elgin and 13th Earl of Kincardine, served as Viceroy of India between 1894 and 1899.</span></div></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIB-BJAxDxm94La354e2UxR4SeEOdHNs4Ek6mjnpWa_vJZBl5wJ1YjOfAhzE99zOTk8S_hxmqb5oEYEhJ-yctvhe8oFte7KYiTDaitc6jHn4oSiZewHGcWou_zepwnwlKPMTv4qyhIa5hI/s1600/262483_10150253230356958_45926236957_7913028_8102898_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 313px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIB-BJAxDxm94La354e2UxR4SeEOdHNs4Ek6mjnpWa_vJZBl5wJ1YjOfAhzE99zOTk8S_hxmqb5oEYEhJ-yctvhe8oFte7KYiTDaitc6jHn4oSiZewHGcWou_zepwnwlKPMTv4qyhIa5hI/s400/262483_10150253230356958_45926236957_7913028_8102898_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733754059208239234" border="0" /></a></div><br /><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon (Yangon), taken by J. Jackson in c.1868, part of an album of 43 views of Burma (Myanmar) from the Sladen Collection. The Shwe Dagon is Burma's most revered Buddhist shrine. A gilded bell-shaped stupa, it can be glimpsed from all over Rangoon due to its elevated postion on Singuttara Hill. Here it is seen from the Cantonment Gardens, its spire rising above the parkland scenery and an ornamental bridge, and reflected in the still waters of the lake. The gardens were situated immediately to the south-west of the Shwe Dagon, within the British military cantonment. They were planned in 1854-56 by William Scott of the Calcutta Botanic Gardens and laid out by the city's Public Works Department.</span><span class="fcg"><span class="fbPhotoTagListTag tagItem"></span><span class="fbPhotoTagListTag tagItem"></span><span class="fbPhotoTagListTag tagItem"></span></span><br /></div><span class="fcg"></span><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOrQ8QVFe5YnHhlAHc0wXr9s1lirVrIfqCzwyJitUtHC5237apK9dYLtYYUmhECXu_yIZwKTGN6Q1TV0PizgfwiDkHinvgIWgJSKy4obqZCceHsQI1c6S0MeYKbnOlolJUyX-fd6oz2Fg/s1600/272121_10150252496376958_45926236957_7905440_1461571_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivOrQ8QVFe5YnHhlAHc0wXr9s1lirVrIfqCzwyJitUtHC5237apK9dYLtYYUmhECXu_yIZwKTGN6Q1TV0PizgfwiDkHinvgIWgJSKy4obqZCceHsQI1c6S0MeYKbnOlolJUyX-fd6oz2Fg/s400/272121_10150252496376958_45926236957_7905440_1461571_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733753800829639058" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the southern entrance to the Shwe Dagon Paya in Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Bourne and Shepherd in the 1870s and part of the Gladstone Collection. The gilded spire of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda can be seen from all over Rangoon from its position atop Singuttara Hill. According to traditional history, the Shwe Dagon, the most revered of all the Buddhist monuments of Burma, was founded in the lifetime of the Buddha as a reliquary to enshrine eight hairs from his head brought back from India by two merchant brothers, Tapissa and Balika. While the core of the stupa may be very ancient, the whole is relatively more recent. King Binnya U of Pegu (1353-85) had it rebuilt to 60 ft (18 ms) in height. During the 15th century it was rebuilt several times, eventually reaching 90 ms (it now stands at about 100 ms). During this period the tradition of gilding the stupa was begun under the aegis of Queen Shinsawbu (1453-72), who donated her own weight in gold (40 kgs). British troops occupied its precincts in 1824 and again in 1852 and it remained under military control until the 1920s. There are four covered walkways up Singuttara Hill to the platform on which the pagoda stands. The southern entrance is considered the main entrance.<br /><br /></span></div></div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeWCB03_CIRdL9HNK_kmsjt7CWUNoCWHHa-ucPUC6kRxScoQhh67A-sFa4ZlhmQr6Dhyphenhyphens5HWyTxvlawiiz695cMcaY0g4fDcxw4vXLiBMehL2g6VmvaTD34ag2SDlIjLD77LGU9dV7WJ5/s1600/280229_10150252496331958_45926236957_7905439_8253474_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 311px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeWCB03_CIRdL9HNK_kmsjt7CWUNoCWHHa-ucPUC6kRxScoQhh67A-sFa4ZlhmQr6Dhyphenhyphens5HWyTxvlawiiz695cMcaY0g4fDcxw4vXLiBMehL2g6VmvaTD34ag2SDlIjLD77LGU9dV7WJ5/s400/280229_10150252496331958_45926236957_7905439_8253474_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733753384949189842" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the two golden umbrellas at the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda), Rangoon (Yangon), Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The umbrella or hti is an honorific architectural element used to adorn Burmese royal and religious architecture and usually forms the pinnacle of a stupa. They are often made of gold decorated with precious stones and were traditionally donated by kings and queens. The umbrellas in this view stand on the platform of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine. It is thought that they are of Shan manufacture or origin. The Shan States formed most of north-eastern Burma and the Shan people (who originally came here from the south-west of China) are known for their silverware.</span><br /><span class="hasCaption"></span></div><span class="hasCaption"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrI1GcR4YDPPKO9YK22r5vjibkc0PG8N3zzLGZZ4ffpccP3x_b8BkSjalTX4JQaobVmNGt0SHcgvzC6eJlob88IPIPnfkoTzxjABPupCmhcFePf8Q4OEBySvhyEEkEV2hrX0PUBE_2lzOQ/s1600/228971_10150252496291958_45926236957_7905438_4564577_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 319px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrI1GcR4YDPPKO9YK22r5vjibkc0PG8N3zzLGZZ4ffpccP3x_b8BkSjalTX4JQaobVmNGt0SHcgvzC6eJlob88IPIPnfkoTzxjABPupCmhcFePf8Q4OEBySvhyEEkEV2hrX0PUBE_2lzOQ/s400/228971_10150252496291958_45926236957_7905438_4564577_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733753117224932002" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;" class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"><br />Photograph of King Singu Min’s bell at the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda), Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine, believed to have been founded 2500 years ago to house hair relics of the Buddha. There are two famous bells at the Shwe Dagon, the products of a long tradition of bronze casting in Burma. The bell of ‘Great Sound’, or Maha-ganda, is housed in a pavilion on the north-west of the pagoda platform. It was dedicated to the Shwe Dagon by Singu Min of the Konbaung dynasty (ruled 1776-82). This celebrated bell weighing 23 tons was removed from the shrine by the British in 1824 during the first Anglo-Burmese war when they occupied Rangoon. They intended to transport it to England as war booty. In the process of being loaded onto a ship, the bell slipped and fell into the Irrawaddy, and all efforts of the British engineers to retrieve it failed. It was then recovered and towed back to the shore by the Burmese who were allowed to restore it to the Shwe Dagon. The removal of the bell caused it to suffer some damage and as a result it is now silent, its mellow tones lost forever. In this view a Burmese man points to the inscription engraved on the bell which requests that the king might obtain Nirvana as a result of his act of merit. The inscription reads:<br /><br />‘Let him not meet with that towards which he has no mental disposition and for which he has no desire. When Arimettiya, the last Buddha, shall be revealed, let him have the revelation that he may become a nat supreme of the three rational existences. Let the nats who guard the royal city, the palace, the umbrella, the nats who all around guard the empire, the provinces, the villages, the nats who guard the monuments of the Divine Hair around the hill Tambagutta, together with the nats governing the earth and space, and all rational beings throughout the universe utter praises and accept the supplications.’</span></div><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAW9NVzFXb9cxh7V7Zm6MNCrKaJZLu4aHq_dtQ09__32SQ852zvYT72Obw5JNxFohT_ySvab76nPmdJZR6FEnHwP-Hci0zF9IZphRYwYTTu7RDHqAPSTdAoTBGzJWiuhBzkNatx-xjVeI/s1600/184100_10150252496266958_45926236957_7905437_1539030_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 308px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnAW9NVzFXb9cxh7V7Zm6MNCrKaJZLu4aHq_dtQ09__32SQ852zvYT72Obw5JNxFohT_ySvab76nPmdJZR6FEnHwP-Hci0zF9IZphRYwYTTu7RDHqAPSTdAoTBGzJWiuhBzkNatx-xjVeI/s400/184100_10150252496266958_45926236957_7905437_1539030_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733752913933209810" border="0" /></a><br /><div class="fbPhotosPhotoCaption" tabindex="0" id="fbPhotoPageCaption"><span class="hasCaption"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the Shwe Dagon Paya (Pagoda) at Rangoon (Yangon), in Burma (Myanmar), taken by Philip Adolphe Klier in the 1890s. The Shwe Dagon is Burma’s most revered Buddhist shrine. It is built in the characteristic Burmese form of a stupa or zedi, a gilded, bell-shaped structure with a spire enshrining sacred relics, precious stones and images of the Buddha. It is of ancient origin, and according to legend was founded in the 6th century BC to enshrine hair relics of the Buddha. The pagoda stands in the centre of a terraced platform on the summit of Singuttara Hill, surrounded by many other shrines and pavilions, and has four entrances at the cardinal points of the compass. This is a view looking along a roadway towards the main stupa, which is partially obscured by palm trees in the foreground.</span><br /><span class="hasCaption"></span></div><span class="hasCaption"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs7SlgY1WKcsPsJaFFbnIO3fG1-qcg22j1VOMhGEhH9hX50Uxu6PpgRavm4psitAuObA4WyWOlSpsuD4hz5c7QD3fVh8Yfpy3wBrra_j2QMR3OcWozU23FSjT6cZtfO86Si9E0aL1mVpe1/s1600/215061_10150252496236958_45926236957_7905436_7165515_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 307px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjs7SlgY1WKcsPsJaFFbnIO3fG1-qcg22j1VOMhGEhH9hX50Uxu6PpgRavm4psitAuObA4WyWOlSpsuD4hz5c7QD3fVh8Yfpy3wBrra_j2QMR3OcWozU23FSjT6cZtfO86Si9E0aL1mVpe1/s400/215061_10150252496236958_45926236957_7905436_7165515_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733752648945778802" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph by Linnaeus Tripe, from a portfolio of 120 prints, with a general view of the Shwe Dagon Pagoda (covered in scaffolding), with smaller pagodas in the foreground, at Rangoon (Yangon) in Burma (Myanmar). In 1855 a British mission was sent to King Mindon Min of Burma to negotiate a settlement regarding Pegu, annexed by the British after the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852. Linnaeus Tripe was the official photographer on this mission and his architectural and topographical views of the country form an important record. Tripe wrote of this image, 'Taken from the N.W. corner of the platform. The scaffolding of bamboo, so much like basketwork, was put up by the Burmese to enable them to regild the Pagoda; an operation which will cost them about £15,000.' According to traditional history, the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, the most revered of all the Buddhist monuments of Burma, was founded in the lifetime of the Buddha as a reliquary to enshrine eight hairs from his head brought back from India by two merchant brothers, Tapissa and Balika. While the core of the stupa may be very ancient, the whole is relatively more recent. King Binnya U of Pegu (1353-85) had it rebuilt to 60 ft (18 ms) in height. During the 15th century it was rebuilt several times, eventually reaching 90 ms (it now stands at about 100 ms). During this period the tradition of gilding the stupa was begun under the aegis of Queen Shinsawbu (1453-72), who donated her own weight in gold (40 kgs). British troops occupied its precincts in 1824 and again in 1852 and it remained under military control until the 1920s.</span></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFZrh8-xMiw4tabZhiPtza3eLNs6bKvrb3maOOG3JxGc6rGYzbeJSX_FRSCDRvRXT_y8ZTUhKvRkxRy0H7YoZ-qDLp6hZrfnNtMVB3wQAtX8A7Jy5z_xx_palO71mrd_ziqUD6ZhMyz7i/s1600/189250_10150252496221958_45926236957_7905435_4591191_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWFZrh8-xMiw4tabZhiPtza3eLNs6bKvrb3maOOG3JxGc6rGYzbeJSX_FRSCDRvRXT_y8ZTUhKvRkxRy0H7YoZ-qDLp6hZrfnNtMVB3wQAtX8A7Jy5z_xx_palO71mrd_ziqUD6ZhMyz7i/s400/189250_10150252496221958_45926236957_7905435_4591191_n.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733752444539741042" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the south entrance to the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Rangoon, taken by Bourne & Shepherd in the 1870s. This is the main entrance to the Shwe Dagon, Burma's most revered Buddhist shrine, and is located on top of Singuttara Hill in north Rangoon. The earliest shrine on this spot dates to somewhere between the 6th and 10th centuries, but in this earthquake prone area, the pagoda has been rebuilt numerous times and the complex in its current form dates to 1769. Steps lead up to a wide archway crowned by three spires known as pyat-thats. The arch is decorated with foliate carving and is surrounded by a heavenly landscape populated by figures from the Burmese pantheon of territorial spirits known as nats. Two bilus or ogres guard the entrance on either side of the steps. The two outer spires have niches containing statues of the Buddha, and the central spire is decorated with peacocks, which are symbolic of the sun. Beyond the archway a covered flight of steps leads up to the pagoda platform on Singuttara Hill.</span></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMCediytRT6_dXUDemwpiVoIRoYYN10mnQZRAjD6we1qUNz2sqJQefRGjZpyZMIBV1a3WVDvCXJy-VSY1pJ_QyoqEsQsA84l0JB90gwakmGr6-hFjNvALLPFiPVKtQi6KOOXFqz4I7Lcu/s1600/271869_10150252496176958_45926236957_7905434_2681482_o.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 337px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMCediytRT6_dXUDemwpiVoIRoYYN10mnQZRAjD6we1qUNz2sqJQefRGjZpyZMIBV1a3WVDvCXJy-VSY1pJ_QyoqEsQsA84l0JB90gwakmGr6-hFjNvALLPFiPVKtQi6KOOXFqz4I7Lcu/s400/271869_10150252496176958_45926236957_7905434_2681482_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5733751187217057458" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="hasCaption">Photograph of the south entrance to the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, Rangoon, taken by Bourne & Shepherd in the 1870s. This is the main entrance to the Shwe Dagon, Burma's most revered Buddhist shrine, and is located on top of Singuttara Hill in north Rangoon. The earliest shrine on this spot dates to somewhere between the 6th and 10th centuries, but in this earthquake prone area, the pagoda has been rebuilt numerous times and the complex in its current form dates to 1769. Steps lead up to a wide archway crowned by three spires known as pyat-thats. The arch is decorated with foliate carving and is surrounded by a heavenly landscape populated by figures from the Burmese pantheon of territorial spirits known as nats. Two bilus or ogres guard the entrance on either side of the steps. The two outer spires have niches containing statues of the Buddha, and the central spire is decorated with peacocks, which are symbolic of the sun. Beyond the archway a covered flight of steps leads up to the pagoda platform on Singuttara Hill.</span></div><div class="fbPhotoTagList" id="fbPhotoPageTagList"><span class="fcg"><br /></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"> .. ေမာင္ ဒီမွာေရးေနာ္ ...</span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-44521292027348679052011-12-30T01:23:00.000-08:002011-12-30T01:23:13.906-08:00Making Tofu<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"> This Tofu is orginally Shan food . As I am a food freak, I learnt how to make Shan Tofu .It's so simple that I want to share it with food lovers. It's enough if you have gram flour which you can easily get at Indian shop.<br />Just follow these steps:<br /><br />1. Soak the gram flour in water for about 20 minutes.<br />2. Pour the top clear liquid in to the pot and heat it up with medium heat.<br />3. When it begins a little bit thick , add the rest of the liquid into the pot.<br />4. Stir well not to stick the bottom and to make sure all the flour melts .<br />5. Adjust the temperature from medium to low when it becomes thicker.<br />6. Switch of the stove and pour the liquid in the containers to make them cool.<br />( It depends on how well you stir to get good tofu because it will be soft and won't be hard enough to get tofu curds if your stir is not good )<br /><br />Then you can get tofu salad or fried tofu as you wish. </span><br />
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</div>SIMPLE VIEWShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06131999805963395862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-76614598529746435952011-12-29T16:20:00.001-08:002011-12-30T01:00:54.476-08:00Rice balls<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"> Today I would like to share how to make rice balls which is one of my favourites . The main ingredients are rice, potatoes, tomatoes .</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br />Step 1: : Cook rice and put it in a bowl to make it warm.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br />Step 2: : Boil potatoes while cooking rice. Then peel and crush the potatoes until all are properly crushed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br />Step 3: : After that , chop tomatoes and let them melt in a pan.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br />It's the best to make rice balls while these ingredients are warm. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;">To get a better taste, mix with fried garlic , crushed chillies and some mints or corianders .</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Zawgyi-One;"><br />The pictures below will support you for your own rice balls. Enjoy !</span><br />
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</div>SIMPLE VIEWShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06131999805963395862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-29466335196338588882011-09-30T19:19:00.000-07:002011-09-30T19:20:01.133-07:00Flowers And Festivals Round The Myanmar Year<div align="justify"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"> <div><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: %; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><a title="View 12la_yar_ti_pan on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/67011117/12la-yar-ti-pan" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">12la_yar_ti_pan</a> <object id="doc_90541" name="doc_90541" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline:none;" width="100%" height="600"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"> <param name="wmode" value="opaque"> <param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"> <param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"> <param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=67011117&access_key=key-20fa08k344j73g6eyh82&page=1&viewMode=list"> <embed id="doc_90541" name="doc_90541" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=67011117&access_key=key-20fa08k344j73g6eyh82&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="100%" height="600"></embed> </object></div></span></div></span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-7957413353319122772011-09-18T12:27:00.000-07:002011-09-18T14:15:48.239-07:00GAUTAMA BUDDHA LIFE AND EXPERIENCES<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim6xtY_ryTJ6EPQnl_SWimFfanmqn2hvbKbYK4X-HsHd9xI8BgffNtaBkPWJThqkEKVY1TKg2YBjaHboWp0pyLhcqx3T6yLJUHt8OA91Z3-nHTmv0QHhHGeiBwiwBg1xY4TIycWLT34sDt/s1600/FwLifeof.jpg"><img style="display:block; 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margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 231px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkKk4A0STIDQrplgSeiiGdbNsu7nBqp1530vGcaIBDwgs-w9NI-TJHW6lVaOfocNQpa8UBzT_-nVphAuB1Nif-OT2sOqRN1Zng5m8jyYkGb1-IIz3VlDR6bmdw-26kfAtCWiVlkC9Sl1H4/s400/FwLifeof19.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653808233778451074" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGHN9L2WAyIPa_aDPUzdJtDMT7DdmThNnNROvVw0NcS4dvZ8Ur3O9blkG1MxL9pwdp99Axwk5JU_Ykm0dnWIutp6RFVcQHB0Mj48mNFAlr7arjv2QoiWeEF9g2qsy6mWTkWr_VoE0h0f_/s1600/FwLifeof20.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 233px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCGHN9L2WAyIPa_aDPUzdJtDMT7DdmThNnNROvVw0NcS4dvZ8Ur3O9blkG1MxL9pwdp99Axwk5JU_Ykm0dnWIutp6RFVcQHB0Mj48mNFAlr7arjv2QoiWeEF9g2qsy6mWTkWr_VoE0h0f_/s400/FwLifeof20.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5653808234886449586" border="0" /></a>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-48664289637463050452011-08-08T15:29:00.000-07:002011-08-08T15:35:18.536-07:00Rose-Apple Gatherers Poem (သေျပသီးေကာက္ ကဗ်ာ)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ENOtsUsPrPWSPpZqIY0BBKytqxziCDZpNMvVvEEH0jIq-1QeXgyYs3j98gumyDwJA8a9Fd3DehplhTB8j69rDLrdiRHX10-FZIP_B4qDfHv9YSXKJkUiY5h0Va2UdBOKB5eDwszvJ6GP/s1600/images.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 229px; height: 220px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ENOtsUsPrPWSPpZqIY0BBKytqxziCDZpNMvVvEEH0jIq-1QeXgyYs3j98gumyDwJA8a9Fd3DehplhTB8j69rDLrdiRHX10-FZIP_B4qDfHv9YSXKJkUiY5h0Va2UdBOKB5eDwszvJ6GP/s320/images.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5638616960024996514" border="0" /></a>
<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;">July,August-rain and flood-
<br />Let's go pick the ripe rose-apple.
<br />Hi! Take care! In thorns and mud,
<br />That's where big, black leeches grapple.
<br />Leeches? Pah! The hornless thing!
<br />I'll fight snakes or serpent-kings.
<br />Who's afraid? Let's all go now.
<br />Come on! Come on!
<br />
<br /> G.H.Luce
<br />
<br />
<br />၀ါဆို၀ါေခါင္ ေရေတြၾကီးလို႕
<br />သေျပသီးမွည့္ ေကာက္စို႕ကြယ္။
<br />ခရာဆူးခ်ံဳ ဟိုအထဲက
<br />ေမွ်ာ့နက္မည္းၾကီး တြယ္တတ္တယ္။
<br />ေမွ်ာ့နက္ဆိုတာ ခ်ိဳနဲ႕လားကြဲ႕
<br />ေျမြနဂါးေတာင္ ေၾကာက္ဘူးကြယ္။
<br />တို႕လည္းေၾကာက္ေပါင္ အတူသြားစို႕
<br />အုန္းလက္ႏြားေလး ထားခဲ့မယ္။
<br />သြားကြယ္ ၊ သြားကြယ္။
<br />
<br /> မင္းသု၀ဏ္
<br /> ၁၁ ဇြန္ ၁၉၃၁
<br /></span></div>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-82110934855785335592011-06-29T10:56:00.000-07:002011-06-29T11:05:31.100-07:00Okasa ( ၾသကာသ ကန္ေတာ့ခ်ဳိး )<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;">Okasa Okasa Okasa<br /><br />1. For the elimination of all offences committed by deed, speech or thought.<br /><br />2. I respectfully and humbly raise my hands together three times in obeisance adoration, worship and subdued pride to the Buddha Jewel, the Dhamma Jewel and Samgha Jewel, once, twice, thrice I pray O my Lord, sir.<br /><br />3. "For the meritorious act and will of obeisance."<br /><br />4. May I ever be liberated from and quenched of the woeful states, the three epochs of affliction, the eight incongenial locations, the five enemies, the four misfortune and the five losses.<br /><br />5. May I attain magga ‑ phala and Nibbana.<br /></span></div><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj47kr1CYbGAj4J5EmlosoYq6kE_wGIwwJOjJimyWRqQthpyIA2RrDi8nannK1sEa4Rz6JPETM4EOJMhO9zoQxGOEamLDSMnXZ1WSOVswK9f4zruJuE3Tu4Qu07KH0cm6eETFQUVhUjnm/s1600/rouom.jpeg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 232px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYj47kr1CYbGAj4J5EmlosoYq6kE_wGIwwJOjJimyWRqQthpyIA2RrDi8nannK1sEa4Rz6JPETM4EOJMhO9zoQxGOEamLDSMnXZ1WSOVswK9f4zruJuE3Tu4Qu07KH0cm6eETFQUVhUjnm/s400/rouom.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5623703995177337346" border="0" /></a>Adminhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00363875169686282687noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-70686965940725074402011-06-08T13:32:00.000-07:002011-06-09T04:53:20.757-07:00Pickled tea leaves salad (လက္ဖက္သုပ္)<div style="text-align: justify;">Hello guys,<br /><br />We arrange this program to share our Myanmar traditional food especially for those who are away, who love food and who are interested in our food .<br /><br />Although I am not pro,I do want to write about our traditional food based on my recipe , ( the easiest and simplest one ) .It may be the same or different how you cook . Sometimes, it's monotonous to eat the same style all the times. Why not try a change? A change is as good as a rest.<br /><br />So, let's try a change . Hope it's so simple and easy to follow.<br /><br />First of all, I would like to start this program with one of our famous traditional dessert called <span style="font-weight: bold;">Laphet Thote</span> or<span style="font-weight: bold;"> Pickled tea leaves salad</span> .<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Laphet or Pickled tea leaves can be found in every house in our country. It is not only served as a dessert to the guests but also eaten as a snack anytime. All of us : the poor and the rich, men and women , children to elderly, love it.<br /></div><br />Tea leaves come from Shan state that is located in eastern Myanmar.<br /><br />The main ingredients in this salad are<br /><br />1.Laphet or Pickled tea leaves<br />2.sesame seeds<br />3.fried broad beans<br />4.fried garlics<br />5.roasted peanuts<br />6.dried shrimps<br /><br />Then put them into a bowl . Add slices of tomatoes , chilli and chopped cabbage. At last add some oil , salt and lemon juice and then mix them well. It's ready to be served after being placed on a plate. see image 1.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 400px; height: 299px;" alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLbz4sVOnMu0aa5SZ7VC_e2YkOf8az2vCH6Ws4AnrfLQ2ZCjjWZpMVMBolRgN38lEl-2m_kkGiMYfucTWRf89wYugFEQ0wk19x9gpyt5nZHOaFT4yAK4w4n4n__OKccY-Q76gkrM9Enio/s1600/laphet.jpg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLbz4sVOnMu0aa5SZ7VC_e2YkOf8az2vCH6Ws4AnrfLQ2ZCjjWZpMVMBolRgN38lEl-2m_kkGiMYfucTWRf89wYugFEQ0wk19x9gpyt5nZHOaFT4yAK4w4n4n__OKccY-Q76gkrM9Enio/s1600/laphet.jpg" /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />image .1<br /></div><br /><br />Or you can try this way. Place each group onto the plate or into separate segments and pour sesame or peanut oil into pickled tea leaves. Then scoop a little bit of each group with a small spoon. see image 2.<br /><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 410px; height: 307px;" alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBHoXgt5ITNOpBZ8FwlkmXmZEDj__oKb7PDGY9fFPUMKZIrJFrmCFU1Tjp8PQSvyGwH1FhxGWOruRFdS_SSq4bIrpIds8f24YppA8pzM4XscHS7YCCExjEMHu4SdOxafLHoAW7LZtQ5hM/s1600/675.jpg" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBHoXgt5ITNOpBZ8FwlkmXmZEDj__oKb7PDGY9fFPUMKZIrJFrmCFU1Tjp8PQSvyGwH1FhxGWOruRFdS_SSq4bIrpIds8f24YppA8pzM4XscHS7YCCExjEMHu4SdOxafLHoAW7LZtQ5hM/s1600/675.jpg" /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br />image .2<br /></div><br /><br /> With regards,<br />simple views<br /></div>SIMPLE VIEWShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06131999805963395862noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-72229251650486949912011-04-25T19:58:00.000-07:002011-04-28T11:13:26.224-07:00The Essence of Buddhism (ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၏ ယံုၾကည္မွဳ အႏွစ္သာရမ်ား)<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK1x791lCLpPz7-JOBNmJ15z183OkcdIzhRg5pNX2lM4Wht9cdhHRX7GcMF8KzPpyxgFILKR-HHPuTrIprpUqc4jYl93lbNjBlEjm-CEj2sIOCMPun0KCvuKHY8TQHkW-ymNDmovOxVnk/s1600/bagan.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 274px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK1x791lCLpPz7-JOBNmJ15z183OkcdIzhRg5pNX2lM4Wht9cdhHRX7GcMF8KzPpyxgFILKR-HHPuTrIprpUqc4jYl93lbNjBlEjm-CEj2sIOCMPun0KCvuKHY8TQHkW-ymNDmovOxVnk/s400/bagan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5599724083135983074" border="0" /></a><br /><div align="justify"><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family:Zawgyi-One;"> </span> </div><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">What is Buddhism?</span></strong><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"> Buddhism is well known as one of the leading world religions in terms of adherents, geographical distribution, and socio-cultural influence. Of course, it is not a religion but the teaching of Buddha. But Buddhism is regarded as one type of religion by the world people. While largely an “Eastern” religion, it is becoming increasingly popular and influential in the Western world. It is a unique world religion in its own right, though it has much in common with Hinduism in that both teach Karma ကမၼ (cause-and-effect ethics), Maya (မာယာ) (the illusory nature of the world), and Samsara (သံသရာ) (the cycle of reincarnation). Buddhism is a moral philosophy, an ethical way to live for the here and now of this world. But this ethical way is not the goal of Buddhism, it is just the basis of Buddhism. The goal of Buddhism is to gain the ultimate state, Nirvana.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><br /><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">What is Nirvana?</span></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong></strong><br />Nirvana is neither a place nor a matter but the Nothingness. It can be assumed as the philosophical concept -- Liberation from The Endless Cycle of Sufferings. It also refers to leaving off' or being away from the path of rebirth or freedom from the knot of the distressful thread of karma. To liberate as in this concept, one must be achieve “enlightenment”.<br /><br /><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">Who is Buddhism's Founder?</span></strong></span></p><br /><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><img style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible;" src="http://mmdailynews.com/news_images/enlightenment.jpg" alt="" width="647" height="485" /></span></strong><br /></span> <span style="font-size:small;"><br />Buddhism’s founder, Siddhartha Guatama, named as <span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><strong>Lord Buddha The Unrivaled</strong></span> was born into royalty in India around 600 B.C. As the story goes, he lived luxuriously, with little exposure to the outside world. His parents intended for him to be spared from the influence of religion and protected from pain and suffering. However, it was not long before his shelter was penetrated, and he had visions of an aged man, a sick man, and a corpse. His fourth vision was of a peaceful ascetic monk (one who denies luxury and comfort). Seeing the monk’s peacefulness, he decided to become an ascetic himself. He abandoned his life of wealth and affluence to pursue enlightenment through austerity. He was skilled at this sort of self-mortification and intense meditation. He was a leader among his peers. Eventually, his efforts culminated in one final gesture. He “indulged” himself with one bowl of rice and then sat beneath a fig tree (also called the Bodhi tree) to meditate till he either reached “enlightenment” or died trying. Despite his travails and temptations, by the next morning, he had achieved enlightenment. Thus, he became known as the 'enlightened one' or the 'Buddha.' He took his new realization and began to teach his fellow monks, with whom he had already gained great influence. Five of his peers became the first of his disciples.</span><br /><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">What had Gautama discovered?</span></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"></span></strong><br />Enlightenment lay in the "Middle Way" or in "Via Media" မဇၥိ်မပဋိပဒါ ေခၚ အလယ္အလတ္ လမ္းစဥ္ ,i.e not in luxurious indulgence or self-mortification. Moreover, he discovered what would become known as the “Four Noble Truths”. (သစၥာေလးပါး)<br /><br />The core of the Buddhist teaching is the Four Noble Truths: There is suffering. There is a cause to suffering. There is an end to suffering. There is a path out of suffering (Noble Eightfold Path-မဂၢင္ရွစ္ပါးအက်င့္ျမတ္တရား).</span></p><br /><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"> <img style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible;" src="http://bhoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu/HST330/Buddhism.EightfoldPath.gif" alt="" width="416" height="289" /><br /></span></p><br /><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Four Nobel Truths<br /></strong></span></span></span><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><img style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible;" src="http://mmdailynews.com/news_images/Four-Noble-Truths.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="313" /><br /></strong></span></span></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;">1. The Reality of Suffering--Dukkha<br />2. The Cause of Suffering--Samudaya<br />3. The Cessation of Suffering--Nirodha<br />4. The Path to the Cessation of Suffering--Magga<br /><br /><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1 - The Reality of Suffering--dukkha (ဒုကၡသစၥာ)<br /></span></strong><br />The Pali word dukkha, in ordinary usage means 'suffering', 'pain', 'sorrow' or 'misery'. But in the context of the First Noble Truth, dukkha also means 'imperfection', 'impermanence', 'emptiness', 'insubstantiality'. There are three kinds of suffering:<br /><br />* Ordinary Suffering--dukkha-dukkha<br />* Suffering produced by Change--virapinama-dukkha<br />* Suffering as Conditioned States--samkara-dukkha<br /><br />Ordinary Suffering--dukkha-dukkha<br /><br />There are all kinds of suffering in life: birth, old age, sickness, death, association with unpleasant persons and conditions, separation from beloved ones and pleasant conditions, not getting what one desires, grief, lamentation, distress--all forms of physical and mental suffering.<br />Suffering produced by Change--virapinama-dukkha<br /><br />Pleasant and happy feelings or conditions in life are not permanent. Sooner or later they change. When they change they may produce pain, suffering, unhappiness or dissappointment. This vicissitude is considered viparimana-dukkha.<br />Suffering as Conditioned States--samkara-dukkha<br /><br />An 'individual', an 'I' or a 'self' is a combination of ever-changing mental and physical forces which can be divided into five groups or 'aggregates' pancakkhandha. Suffering as conditioned states is produced by attachment to these five aggregates:<br /><br />* Matter--rupakkhandha<br />* Sensations--vedanakkhandha<br />* Perceptions--sannakkhandha<br />* Mental Formations--sankharakkhandha<br />* Consciousness--vinnanakkhandha<br /><br /><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2 - The Cause of Suffering--samudaya (သမုဒယသစၥာ)<br /></span></strong><br />The principle cause of suffering is the attachment to "desire" or "craving", tanha. Both desire to have (wanting) and desire not to have (aversion).<br /><br />1. desire for sense-pleasures--kama-tanha,<br />2. desire to become--bhava-tanha,<br />3. desire to get rid of--vibhava-tanha.<br /><br />The desire for sense pleasures manifests itself as wanting to have pleasant experiences: the taste of good food, pleasant sexual experiences, delightful music.<br /><br />The desire to become is the ambition that comes with wanting attaiments or recognition or fame. It is the craving to "be a somebody".<br /><br />The desire to get rid of the unpleasant experiences in life: unpleasant sensations, anger, fear, jealousy.<br /><br />The clinging to desire comes from our experience that short-term satisfaction comes from following desire. We ignore the fact that satisfying our desires doesn't bring an end to them.<br /><br /><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">3 - The Cessation of Suffering--nirodha (နိေယာဓသစၥာ)<br /></span></strong><br />The end of suffering is non-attachment, or letting go of desire or craving. This is the state of Nibbana, where greed, hatred and delusion are extinct.<br /><br />Freedom from attachments to the five aggregates of attachment is the end of suffering. This freedom is not conditioned by causes, as are the conditioned states: Nibbana is the non-attachment to conditioned experience.<br /><br />To understand the unconditioned, we need to see for ourselves that everything that has a nature to be born has a nature to die: that every phenomenon that has a cause is impermanent. By letting go of attachment to desire for conditioned phenomena, desire can come to an end and we can be liberated from suffering.<br /><br /><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">4 - The Noble Eightfold Path--magga(မဂၢသစၥာ)<br /></span></strong><br />The end to suffering (see the Third Noble Truth) will result by following the Noble Eightfold Path (မဂၢင္ရွစ္ပါး) --Ariya-Atthangika-Magga. There are three qualities that must be developed to attain Nirvana: Morality--Sila, Concentration--Samadhi, and Wisdom--Panna.<br /><br /><strong>1. Widsom--Panna (ပညာ)</strong><br />* Right Understanding--samma ditthi<br />* Right Thought--samma sankappa</span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"> <strong>2. Morality--Sila (သီလ)</strong><br />* Right Speech--samma vaca<br />* Right Action--samma kammanta<br />* Right Livelihood--samma ajiva<br /></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong>3. Concentration--Samadhi (သမာဓိ)</strong></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;">* Right Effort--samma vayama<br />* Right Mindfulness--samma sati<br />* Right Concentration--samma samadhi<br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Widsom--Panna<br /></strong></span><br />Wisdom comes from understanding the three characteristics of existence<br /><br />* all conditioned phenomena are impermanent<br />* all conditioned phenomena are not personal, not self<br />* attachment to desire for impermanent phenomena leads to suffering<br /><br />"Right Understanding" of the impermanent, non-self nature of phenonmena and that attachment to them leads to suffering brings about "Right Thought", i.e. the aspiration or intention to be liberated from suffering and to understand the truth.<br /><br />The deepening of wisdom is enhanced when the lifestyle and mind are calmed through the practices of <strong style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);">Morality--Sila and Concentration--Samadhi.</strong><br /><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>Morality--Sila</strong></span><br /><br />Adherence to moral guidelines--precepts--is an essential protection from causing suffering to oneself and to others. While these guidelines define a code of discipline, the virtues that bring about moral behaviour can also be cultivated with the practice of a culture of the heart.<br /><br />There are 5 basic precepts (ငါးပါးသီလ) that Buddhist practitioners undertake (Monks and Nuns undertake many more). They are:<br /><br />1. Reverence for Life (refrain from killing)<br />2. Generosity (refrain from stealing)<br />3. Sexual Responsibility (refrain from sexual misconduct)<br />4. Deep Listening and Loving Speech (refrain from lying)<br />5. Mindful Consumption (refrain from ingesting intoxicants)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong>What is the essence of Buddhism?</strong></span></span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span></span><br />The first component is to live a moral life. Buddhism teaches that one should live according to the Dharma or universal law that governs both the physical and moral order of the universe. Good deeds result in a person gaining positive Karma and bad deeds lead to negative Karma. Buddhism shares the ideas of both Dharma and Karma in common with the Hindu moral tradition. Buddhism, however, did not embrace the Hindu caste system.<br /><br />Second, to become enlightened via the the Buddha taught that one must practice meditation. This will give the calmness to gain understanding of the true nature of existence.<br /><br />Third, using insight meditation, one gains the wisdom. This wisdom reveals that even those things that seem most intimate, one's thoughts and emotions, are transient states that come and go. Meditators describe this wisdom as a great burden being lifted. The clamoring ego with its desires and disappointments is silenced. When a person gains this wisdom, a deep and lasting sense of peace and contentment replaces selfish craving and gratification.<br /><br />Unlike the other major world religions, Buddhism does not teach about an anthropomorphic God. Buddhism teaches that an order exists in the universe. It does not claim that God created the order. Also, Buddhism does not teach that humans have a soul. In this, Buddha set himself apart from the Hindu religious tradition which claims that each person possesses an eternal soul.<br /><br />However, the Buddha did believe in reincarnation, which causes me to wonder, if no soul exists, what gets reborn? The Buddha would say that I have asked the question incorrectly. It should be "How and why does rebirth take place?" The answer is that the unexhausted force of Karma at a person's death produces rebirth. Death, for the Buddha, is merely an incident between one life and another. The legend about the life of the Buddha reports that when he achieved enlightenment he gained the ability to recall many of his previous lives.<br /><br />The essence of Buddhism is a story about a man who was born in India twenty-four hundred years ago. This man struggled to come to grips with the problems of human suffering as he saw them. He came to the conclusion that one can break free of suffering first by practicing moral behavior, second by practicing calming meditation, and third by using insight meditation to gain wisdom.<br /><br />I want to end today with another part of the legend of the Buddha. When the Buddha taught about what he had learned, he always cautioned his students not to accept his teachings uncritically. He encouraged them to evaluate his teachings in the light of their own experience. Buddhism does not require the acceptance of creedal formulas. The fact that Buddhism imposes few requirements on its followers and encourages them to think for themselves has contributed to its popularity among Unitarian Universalists.<br /><br />When the Buddha spoke to a congregation of disciples, he could have taken advantage of their devotion, acting as the expert, decreeing a foundational doctrine. Instead, according to legend, he said something like this:<br /><br />Believe nothing, O monks, merely because you have been told it . . . or because it is traditional, or because you yourselves have imagined it. Do not believe what your teacher tells you merely out of respect for the teacher. But whatever, after due examination and analysis, you find to be conducive to the good, the benefit, the welfare of all beings -- that doctrine believe and cling to, and take it as your guide.<br /><br /><br />What are the main differneces between Buddhism and other world religion? OR What do they not believe?<br />Generally Buddhism does not believe in a personal God or a divine being, it does not have worship, praying to, or praising of a divine being (although some sects do.) It offers no form of redemption, forgiveness, no heavenly hope, or a final judgment to those practicing its system. Buddhism is a moral philosophy, an ethical way to live for the here and now of this world to gain the ultimate state. It has more in common with humanism and atheism than its original religion Hinduism it separated from. But Buddhism is not atheism just because they don’t believe in a personal God. It is more like pantheism, there is a impersonal force the void which is the ultimate.<br /><br />The Buddha never considered himself to be a god or any type of divine being. Rather, he considered himself to be a ‘way-shower' for others. Only after his death was he exalted to god status by some of his followers, though not all of his followers viewed him that way. With Christianity however, it is stated quite clearly in the Bible that Jesus was the Son of God (<a href="http://biblia.com/bible/niv/Matthew%203.17" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue;">Matthew 3:17</span></a>: “And a voice from heaven said, ‘This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased’”) and that He and God are one (<a href="http://biblia.com/bible/niv/John%2010.30" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue;">John 10:30</span></a>). One cannot rightfully consider himself or herself a Christian without professing faith in Jesus as God.<br /><br />Jesus taught that He is the way and not simply one who showed the way as <a href="http://biblia.com/bible/niv/John%2014.6" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue;">John 14:6</span></a> confirms: “I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except by me.” By the time Guatama died, Buddhism had become a major influence in India; three hundred years later, Buddhism had encompassed most of Asia. The scriptures and sayings attributed to the Buddha were written about four hundred years after his death.<br /><br />In Buddhism, sin is largely understood to be ignorance. And, while sin is understood as “moral error,” the context in which “evil” and “good” are understood is amoral. Karma is understood as nature's balance and is not personally enforced. Nature is not moral; therefore, karma is not a moral code, and sin is not ultimately immoral. Thus, we can say, by Buddhist thought, that our error is not a moral issue since it is ultimately an impersonal mistake, not an interpersonal violation. The consequence of this understanding is devastating. For the Buddhist, sin is more akin to a misstep than a transgression against the nature of holy God. This understanding of sin does not accord with the innate moral consciousness that men stand condemned because of their sin before a holy God (Romans 1-2).<br /><br />Since it holds that sin is an impersonal and fixable error, Buddhism does not agree with the doctrine of depravity, a basic doctrine of Christianity. The Bible tells us man's sin is a problem of eternal and infinite consequence. In Buddhism, there is no need for a Savior to rescue people from their damning sins. For the Christian, Jesus is the only means of rescue from eternal damnation. For the Buddhist there is only ethical living and meditative appeals to exalted beings for the hope of perhaps achieving enlightenment and ultimate Nirvana. More than likely, one will have to go through a number of reincarnations to pay off his or her vast accumulation of karmic debt. For the true followers of Buddhism, the religion is a philosophy of morality and ethics, encapsulated within a life of renunciation of the ego-self. In Buddhism, reality is impersonal and non-relational; therefore, it is not loving. Not only is God seen as illusory, but, in dissolving sin into non-moral error and by rejecting all material reality as maya (“illusion”), even we ourselves lose our “selves.” Personality itself becomes an illusion.<br /><br />When asked how the world started, who/what created the universe, the Buddha is said to have kept silent because in Buddhism there is no beginning and no end. Instead, there is an endless circle of birth and death. One would have to ask what kind of Being created us to live, endure so much pain and suffering, and then die over and over again? It may cause one to contemplate, what is the point, why bother? Christians know that God sent His Son to die for us, one time, so that we do not have to suffer for an eternity. He sent His Son to give us the knowledge that we are not alone and that we are loved. Christians know there is more to life than suffering, and dying, “… but it has now been revealed through the appearing of our Savior, Christ Jesus, who has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel” (<a href="http://biblia.com/bible/niv/2%20Timothy%201.10" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue;">2 Timothy 1:10</span></a>).<br /><br />Buddhism teaches that Nirvana is the highest state of being, a state of pure being, and it is achieved by means relative to the individual. Nirvana defies rational explanation and logical ordering and therefore cannot be taught, only realized. Jesus’ teaching on heaven, in contrast, was quite specific. He taught us that our physical bodies die but our souls ascend to be with Him in heaven (<a href="http://biblia.com/bible/niv/Mark%2012.25" target="_blank"><span style="color:blue;">Mark 12:25</span></a>). The Buddha taught that people do not have individual souls, for the individual self or ego is an illusion. For Buddhists there is no merciful Father in heaven who sent His Son to die for our souls, for our salvation, to provide the way for us to reach His glory. Ultimately, that is why Buddhism is to be rejected.<br /></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><img style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible;" src="http://buddhism-beliefs.net/graphics/reality.jpg" alt="" width="618" height="388" /><br /><strong><span style="color:red;"><em></em></span></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><span style="color:red;"><em><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Comparing Buddha with Jesus</span></span></em><br /></span></strong>It is said Siddhartha became the Awakened one, so Jesus became the Anointed one is a common misconception. Christ was the anointed one from eternity while the Siddhartha became the Buddha by searching and self discovery became illuminated. Anointing and enlightenment are two very different concepts.<br /><br />Buddha came at a time when the people were tired of Hindu sects, castes and teachings. Buddha discovers a new way and he discards some teachings and upholds others. Christ came when the people were oppressed by religious leaders also but they did not know the truth nor were they asking for deliverance spiritually. Jesus only explained what they already had in the Scriptures giving the correct interpretations and fulfilling the prophecies.<br /><br />Buddha died at the old age of 80 years old by eating rotten food, his life was lived without exaggerations of either luxury or asceticism. Jesus ate fish, meat and did not have people give up their possessions unless it interfered with their relationship with God. He died at 33 years old, sentenced to death like a criminal, tortured and executed for something he did not do. Not much similarity here.<br /><br />Claims are there are similarities to relics (statues, icons ) in both Buddhism and Christianity. But this is only found in the Catholic Church side. The Bible specifically addresses this as wrong and calls the usage of these as idolatrous. Throughout the Scripture this is specifically addressed as an affront to God.<br />Isa. 45:20-22: "Assemble yourselves and come; draw near together, you who have escaped from the nations. They have no knowledge, who carry the wood of their carved image, and pray to a god that cannot save. Tell and bring forth your case; yes, let them take counsel together. Who has declared this from ancient time? Who has told it from that time? Have not I, the LORD? And there is no other God besides Me, a just God and a Savior; there is none besides Me. "Look to Me, and be saved, all you ends of the earth! For I am God, and there is no other."<br /><br />Buddha was passive in his outlook of humanity. He was engaged in self discovery to change himself. Which can be good if one comes to the conclusion that the answers are not found within us, and looks toward the creator of all mankind.<br /><br />Christ did not have to search for wisdom since he was the wisdom and power of God before and during his coming to earth. He came from heaven as a servant to mankind. He grew in understanding in his humanity only, but even at an early age he was aware of his purpose and who he actually was.<br /><br />Buddha needed to make sense of the world and its suffering for himself. He was in turmoil in his soul seeing the condition of life being unfavorable for so many. So he searched for enlightenment to have answers for the dilemma he saw in the world.<br /><br />Christ exhibited love which is active, it participates in others lives. He did not tolerate falsehood or have the same reaction for one being sad or happy. He taught objective truth, the true reality of life is that it is real and there are consequences here and now as well as afterward.<br /><br />Thereavada says Buddha did not claim to have a special relationship with God. The fact that Buddha did not consider the existence of God to be important shows that he is not in any way related to biblical prophets or Jesus. Buddha said it doesn’t matter whether you believe in him or not. Buddha claimed to point to the right way to escape suffering and attain enlightenment. Contrary to this, Jesus claimed to be the way. Christianity teaches there was only one incarnation of God and he came to relieve the source of all suffering sin.<br /><br />Although the Buddha did not deny the existence of gods, he taught that the worship of gods obstructed one's quest for nirvana. To him the gods inhabit the cosmos and are impermanent like all other living beings. There is no God as an eternal deity. Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, did not claim to be divine. He claimed to be the one to point the way to Nirvana. an ultimate state in the afterlife, but it was up to each individual to find his own way there. Each has their own path to walk on to discovery.<br /><br />Dr. John Noss states, "... there is only the ultimate impersonal unity of being itself, whose peace enfolds the individual self when it ceases to call itself " I " and dissolves in the featureless purity of Nirvana, as a drop of spray is merged in its mother sea."( Noss, p.183.)<br /><br />They look to this ultimate elimination of self as their identity merges into the great unity. But the goal on earth is to eliminate whatever is possible now." Regard the world as void" (Suttanipata, 119). "So one who is convinced of the emptiness of everything has no likes or dislikes. For he knows that that which he might like is just empty, and sees it just empty" (Sik-shasamuccaya, 264).<br /><br />The concept of a personal God does not fit into the Buddhist system of religion. Today there are many sects of Buddhism. Many differ in their concept of the divine and of Buddha. In general, if a Buddhist believes in God he holds to a pantheistic view. Many view God as an impersonal force which is made up of all living things and holds the universe together. This is the same as the Hindu concept of Pantheism that the force is united with all living and non living thing in creation.<br /><br />The late Dr. Suzuki is considered one of the greatest teachers of Zen Buddhism, said about his concept of God: "If God after making the world puts Himself outside it, He is no longer God. If He separates Himself from the world or wants to separate Himself, He is not God. The world is not the world when it is separated from God. God must be in the world and the world in God." ( D. T. Suzuki, The Field of Zen p. 16.)<br /><br />Dr. John Noss explains, "there is no sovereign Person in the heavens holding all together in unity."( Noss, p. 183.)<br /><br />Since Buddhism generally does not believe in a personal God or a divine being, it does not have worship, praying, or praising of a divine being. Although these are practiced without any reference to God. It offers no form of redemption, forgiveness, heavenly hope, or final judgment. Buddhism is, more of a moral philosophy, an ethical way of life that can have improvement on ones state.<br /><br />Professor Kraemer describes the Buddhist system as "a non-theistic ethical discipline, a system of self training, anthropocentric, stressing ethics and mind-culture to the exclusion of theology."( Taylor & Offner, p. 177.)<br /></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"> <img style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible;" src="http://www.comparativereligion.com/content/00/cover.jpg" alt="" width="428" height="648" /></span></span></strong></span></p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;"><strong style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Christianity teaches</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> </span><strong style="color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Buddhism teaches</span> </strong></span></p><br />Heaven is a reality Nirvana is the ultimate state = nothingness<br />personal eternal life Extinction of the self<br />Savior is the person of Christ Savior is ones self and ones works<br />There is a literal hell of suffering There is no hell in the biblical sense of permanency<br />the one God is tri-une Father<br />Son (Jesus) and Holy Spirit<br />the triple gem 1)the Buddha = teacher<br />2) the Dharma = truth 3) the Sangaya = light<br />God is a personal being Impersonal force, no God<br />Moral absolutes No moral absolutes<br />World is real for us World is an illusion<br />Sin is the problem Ignorance is the problem<br />Desires needs redirection Desire needs to be eliminated<br />Jesus = God is salvation Emmanuel = God with us Christ = the anointed one<br />Siddhartha means" he who has accomplished his objectives." Buddha = the Enlightened One<br /><br /><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size:small;">Buddha did not claim to have a special relationship with God in fact Buddha did not consider the existence of God to be important. Buddha claimed to point to the right way to escape suffering and attain enlightenment. Contrary Jesus claimed to be the way. Christianity teaches there was only one incarnation of God. While anyone can make a belief system, it is another thing to prove it. In this Buddha and those who followed after failed and Jesus succeeded.</span><span style="font-size:small;"><br /><br />Christ is not a spiritual master as they claim Buddha is, Christ is his creator. If one only looks at Jesus as a human being he exemplifies the highest ideal in man, he has all the qualities Buddha taught about and sought after, but Christ is more than just a man he is our and the Buddhists creator.</span> <span style="font-size:small;"><br /><br />Most Buddhists believe their are many ways to God. The emphasis is based on the path that we must work on by our own effort. That's not good news. The difference between Buddhism and Christianity is that its been done, while in Buddhism they are still trying to accomplish it. One is by our own efforts the other was obtained by the perfect man.</span> <span style="font-size:small;"><br /><br />Christ clearly offers salvation to His followers. Buddhism does not. It is said that Gautama's last words before his death were: "Buddha's do but point the way, work out your salvation with diligence." </span> <span style="font-size:small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><br /><br />Theravada teaches that each man is responsible for their own this is reached by ones self-effort; "Be lamps unto yourselves. Be a refuge unto yourselves. Do not turn to any external refuge.... Work out your own salvation with diligence" <em>(Mahaparinibbana-sutta </em>2.33; 6:10; from the Pali Canon) </span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:small;"><br /><br />The exclusiveness of Christ's claims through the concept of reconciliation. Restoring a relationship that is broken. Lets say you broke your relationship someone you care about, how many ways are there to restore it, only one. By confessing our fault and asking forgiveness.</span></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-13331615863919266802010-12-15T19:25:00.001-08:002011-04-13T17:47:56.208-07:00Yangon<p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Shwedagon Pagoda </span><br /><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/pagoda01.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">Then King Banya U (AD 1353-1385) and his descendents reconstructed and enlarged it and raised it still higher. Queen Shin Saw Pu, the grand daughter of Banya U, had the pagoda enlarged and raised. She was the first Queen who donated and gilded the pagoda with gold equal to her weight. Her heir and son-in-law King Dhammazedi also continued to donate gold equal to his weight and that of his queen. He cast a huge bell 8 cubits in width at the mouth and 12 cubits in height. It was placed in a hall at the southern entrance of the pagoda.This huge bell was stolen by Filipe de Brittoe Nicote, a Portuguese merchant who later conquered Thanlyin. </p>He intended to melt it down and cast it into cannons. He was unable to achieve his plan, as the bell was lost in the Yangon River . Later Myanmar artisans claimed the bell and placed at the Shwedagon. Numerous Myanmar kings also made major developments to the pagoda and the surrounds, installing new Htis (Glorious Crown), gilding the pagoda and building rest houses and prayer halls.<br /><br /><table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more" align="justify">Maha Wi Zaya Pagoda </p> <p align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn9.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">This was built in 1980 as a replica of Shwezigon Pagoda at Nyaung Oo (Bagan). It is near the Shwedagon Pagoda, and the site is on the hillock where Queen Shin Saw Pu used to meditate and recite prayers whenever she visited Shwedagon. It contains relics of Buddha donated by the king of Nepal while visiting Myanmar . The construction design is mixed with modern and classic. There is a picture on the ceiling showing the positions of the constellation at the beginning of construction.</p><p align="justify"><br /></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more" align="justify">Sacred Tooth Relic Pagoda </p><p align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn11.jpg" /></p> <div style="text-align: justify;">While the Sixth Buddhist Synod was convening in Yangon in 1955, the People's Republic of China sent a good will mission of religious delegates along with a Genuine Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha. This Sacred Tooth is sheltered in the Kwang Yi Su Temple in Beijing . It was sheltered in Maha Pasana Cave for respect and devotional admiration of the monks, laity and the venerable abbots of Buddhist countries who were attending the Synod.<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />In April of 1994, the Chinese religious delegates visited and presented two replicas of the Sacred Tooth for religious devotion and worship in Myanmar . The Dhama Pala hillock in Mayangon Township , Yangon (just a few hundred yards from Kaba Aye Pagoda) and the Shar Taw village in Amarapura Township , Mandalay Division were chosen and two Pagodas were constructed enshrining the Tooth Relics. These pagodas are reproduction of the Ananda at Bagan. </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Lawka Chantha Abhaya Labha Muni Image </span><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn10.jpg" align="left" />The famous stone sculptor of Mandalay , U Taw Taw, found a significantly large marble rock measuring 37.8 feet x 24 feet x 11 feet and weighing 500 ton. The marble, flawless and of high quality, was found in Zakyin village, Mattaya Township , 21 miles north of Mandalay .<br /></p> <p align="justify"><br /></p><div style="text-align: justify;">U Taw Taw requested permission from the leaders of State to carve this marble rock into a grand Buddha image. The Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Senior General Than Shwe gave guidance and granted permission for it to be conveyed to Yangon for public obeisance as a Buddha Image accord with religious tradition. The image was conveyed along the Ayeyarwaddy River in July 2000 on a 'Yadana Shwephaungdaw' (a huge raft decorated with jewels and gold) and taken to Mindama Hill, Yangon on August 2000.<br /><br /><br /></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Ah Lane Nga Sint </span><br /></span></p><p class="more" align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn2.jpg" align="left" /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"></span></p> <p align="justify">The name means a five-storey tower on the precincts of the pagoda. It indicates the five stages of the non-physical worlds. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;">Mai Lamu Pagoda </span></p><p class="more" align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn1.jpg" align="left" /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;">The interesting feature of this pagoda is a number of huge Buddha images and legendary figures such as spirits and mythical creatures associated with the Okkalapa city of that era. The pagoda was named after Mai Lamu, the mother of King Okkalapa, who originally founded Shwe Dagon. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span class="more"><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn6.jpg" /></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;" class="more">Bo Ta Thaung Pagoda</span><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />Located on the Yangon River bank, the Bo Ta Thaung has for centuries been a navigator's landmark just as the Bu Paya was in ancient Bagan. Bo means a military officer and Ta Thaung means a thousand military personnel or vanguards, which were said to have constituted a guard of honour when the Buddhas' relics were personally received by King Okkalapa from India . </div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">The pagoda was hit by an allied forces bomb in November 1943, and was rebuilt from public contributions in 1953. The removal of the debris afforded authentication of the origin of this pagoda because the excavations revealed a relic chamber and a stone casket inside it, shaped like a pagoda, and quite a variety of treasures such as precious stones, ornaments, engraved terra-cotta plaques, gold, silver, and brass and stone images. As many as 700 images were found. </div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">One terra cotta plaque is of great historical significance because one side bears the image of Lord Buddha and other a Pali inscription in the evolved Brahmin script of South India . The script had been adopted by the Mon.<br /><br />The new pagoda, built of reinforced concrete, closely follows the destroyed original and its height is 131 feet 8 inches. It retains the ancient motif and hollow inside so that people can enter. </div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Another unique feature is the showcases that have been worked into the walls all round to house the many relics that were unearthed during the excavation. In the centre, the exact spot of the old reliquary, is a well-like hollow which will be the depository of the sacred relics. </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Maha Pasana Guha </span><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn8.jpg" align="left" /></div><p align="justify">Maha Pasana Guha or the great cave was created simultaneously with the Kaba Aye Pagoda in 1952. It is a replica of the Satta Panni cave where the First Buddhist Synod was convened over 2500 years ago in Rajagah now known as Rajgir in Bihar of India. The Maha Pasana Cave has six huge concrete pillars and six entrances to mark the Sixth Great Synod.<br /><br />It is 455 feet in length and 370 feet in breadth. The assembly hall inside is 220 feet in length and 140 feet in width. About 2,500 members of Sanga and 7,500 laities can be seated in raised seating in the Maha Pasana Cave . The Congregation of the Sixth Buddhist Synod met here in 1954, and this is also known to be one of the mid-twentieth century historical land marks of Buddhist religion. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Kaba Aye Pagoda </span><br /></span></p><p class="more" align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn7.jpg" align="left" /><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"></span></p><p align="justify">Kaba Aye, meaning World Peace, was built to commemorate the Sixth Buddha Synod in 1954, held in Maha Pasana Guha (Cave) within the same compound.<br /><br />The pagoda is 34 meters in height and 34 meters in circumference at the base. The pagoda has five entrances and hall space containing five Buddha images. There is also an image of the last Buddha (Gautama) made out of pure silver weighing 500 kilograms. Relics of the Buddha and two of His Chief disciples are also enshrined in the pagoda. There are concrete buildings for the accommodation of the reverend monks of Buddhist countries and learned monks of Myanmar well versed in the Buddhist. The scriptures are now used for monks studying higher-level religious instructions. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Nga Htat Kyi Pagoda </span><br /></span></p><p class="more" align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn4.jpg" align="left" /></p><p align="justify">Nga Htat Kyi Pagoda is a sitting image of Buddha located in the Ashay Tawya Kyaung Tank. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><br /></p><p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Chauk Htat Kyi Pagoda </span></p><p><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn3.jpg" align="left" /></p><p align="justify">This pagoda with its reclining image of Buddha is on Shwegonedaing Road , opposite the Nga Htat Kyi Pagoda. </p> <p class="more" align="justify"> </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Koe Htat Kyi Pagoda </span><br /></span></p><p class="more" align="justify"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/ygn5.jpg" align="left" /></p><p align="justify">It has a 65 foot high sitting image enshrining relics of the Buddha, and is located in Sanchaung. There is also a reliquary inside the image of the Buddha.</p> <p> </p><br /><p class="more" align="justify"><br /></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td><br /><p align="justify"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="more"><span class="more"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);">Planetarium</span></span></span></p><p align="justify"><span class="more"><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum2.jpg" align="left" /></span></span>The Planetarium displays are housed in a new building which was constructed in 1986 to aid the study of the solar system, astronomy and the weather. </p> <p align="justify">Programs are displayed at the Planetarium in collaboration with astrological experts. Complex machinery used at the Planetarium is maintained with the co-operation of Japanese experts and Myanmar engineers. </p><p align="justify">The Planetarium is on Ahlone Road, Dagon Township, Yangon. </p> <p> </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p align="justify"><span class="more"><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><br /></p><p align="justify"><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum1.jpg" /></span></p><br /><p align="justify"><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">National Museum </span><br /><br />The 5-storey National Museum was opened on September 18, 1996 to commemorate the eighth anniversary of the State Law and Order Restoration Council at a cost of 400 million kyats. </p><p align="justify">Displays includes showrooms featuring the Thihathana Throne, the Yadanabon Period, epigraphy and calligraphy, the Myanmar prehistoric period, natural history, royal regalia, Myanmar history, Myanmar performing arts, Myanmar traditional folk art, Myanmar ancient ornaments, national races culture, and Buddha images. The museum also features two art galleries showing Myanmar work. </p><p align="justify">The National Museum is located on Pyay Road, Dagon Township, Yangon. It is opened daily. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p align="justify"><span class="more"><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum3.jpg" /></span></p> <p align="justify"><span class="more"><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Defence Services Museum</span><br /><br />The purpose of this new three storey museum is to preserve military equipment and artifacts from the period of the Myanmar kings through to the contemporary period. The Museum has 52 showrooms displaying ancient and modern martial arts, weapons, uniforms, emblems, and historical pictures. </p><p align="justify">The Museum is on Shwedagon Pagoda Road in Dagon Township, Yangon. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><span class="more"><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum4.jpg" /></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" class="more"><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Myanmar Gems Museum </span><br /><br />This Museum highlights the history of one of Myanmar's most important natural resources, gems. Myanmar gems are among the world's best, and many exciting and fascinating items are exhibited here in over 100 countries. The Museum is on Kaba Aye Pagoda Road, Mayangon Township, Yangon. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div align="justify"><span class="more"><br /></span><span class="more"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Drugs Elimination Museum </span><br /><br /></span></span><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum5.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" /><img style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);" src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum6.jpg" align="right" hspace="5" /></span>This museum was opened on June 26, 2001 to commemorate the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking. The Museum documents the nation's fight against the scourge of drugs. Displays document the introduction of opium by colonial powers, and many other facts and artifacts. </div><p align="justify">The Museum is on the corner of Kyundaw Road and Hanthawaddy Road, Kamayut Township, Yangon. </p></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div align="justify"> <p align="justify"><span class="more"><br /><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/museum7.jpg" /></span></p><br /><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">National Theatre of Yangon </span><br /><br />During a good will State Visit by the People's Republic of China to Myanmar in 1985, the Chinese President Mr. Lee Shan offered to build a modern theatre as a gift in commemoration of the good-will between the two countries.</p> <p align="justify">The Government of Union of Myanmar accepted the offer, and plans were drawn to construct the building in cooperation with Chinese engineers and Myanmar technicians and workers. </p>Construction began on June 3, 1987, and was completed on December 27 1990 at a total cost of 150 million kyats. The theatre was officially opened on January 31, 1991. New seats have just been added.<br /><p align="justify">The theatre is used for cultural exchange programs with foreign countries, for departmental workshops, religious ceremonies, prize giving ceremonies, performing arts competitions, and for musical stage shows. </p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr><td><div align="justify"> <br /><p align="justify"><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/other10.jpg" /></span></p> <p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" class="more"><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Nat Shin Naung Memorable Tomb </span><br /><br />Nat Shin Naung, who was only nine, marched and conquered Yodayar (Thailand) with his father King Nanda of Hantharwaddy in AD 1587. Nat Shin Naung cracked down Sawbwa of Moe Kaung who revolt against King of Hantharwaddy in1590. After the two successes of high caliber in battles he was awarded for his gallantry. In 1592, the fourth march to Yodaya was made with the loss of Crown Prince Mingyi Swa in the battle field, but Nat Shin Naung had got the opportunity to show his bravery at the age of 14. However, the romance of Nat Shin Naung and Yaza Datu Kalayar, the bereaved wife of Crown Prince, was one of the strangest love stories in the history of Myanmar literature. Nat Shin Naung was 18 years younger than Yaza Datu Kalayar who happened to be his uncle's wife.<br /><br />Nat Shin Naung wrote a lot poems, forlorn verse and Ratus describing his of passionate love for Datu Kalayar as well as travelogues comprised of the nature of that period while on his missions through out the of his father's empire. He became Crown Prince at Taungoo in 1603 AD and acceded to throne in 1607 AD. After 11 years of court-ship he married to Datu Kalayar at the age of 25, but Datu Kalayar died 7 months after the marriage. With criminal twist of mind Nat Shin Naung made friends with Phillipe De Britto (Nga Zingar) chief of Thanlyn to take revenge against Innwa King who conquered Taungoo. But De Britto wittily attacked Taungoo and took Nat Shin Naung as prisoner of war to Than Lyn and compelled to be Roman Catholic. In the same year Maha Dhamma Rajar of Inwas attacked Thanlyn; and captured De Britto and Nat Shin Naung. Both of them were crucified and executed in Thanlyn.</p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="framewhite" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div align="justify"> <p align="justify"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="more"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" class="more"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Yangon Zoological Garden </span><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/zoo1.jpg" align="left" hspace="5" /></span>Located in Yangon, the capital of Myanmar, Yangon Zoological Garden is almost 100 years old now as it was established in 1906, the earliest of its kind in Myanmar. With the coverage area of 69.25 acres, it is situated in close proximity to the magnificent Shwedagon Pagoda, Kandawgyi Lake, Aquarium, Karaweik Palace and Yangon Railway Station. The Zoological Garden was established with the intention of providing relaxation to the public, helping provide extracurricular studies to students and general knowledge to enthusiasts in the fields of Zoology and Botany, educating and persuading the general public in the protection of wildlife, and propagating and conducting research on the perpetuation of rare species of wild animals and birds. </p><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/zoo2.jpg" align="right" hspace="5" />There are about 300 tree species, totaling over 15,000 trees, planted in the Garden. Among them are such species as Thawkagyi, Linlun, Padiphyu, Meze, Karamek, Sagawa, Layhnyin, Zardeikpho, etc. Moreover, there exist 59 species of mammals, 60 species of birds, 18 species of reptiles, amounting to over 1,300 species. In addition, wild animals such as elephant, rhinoceros, tapir, hippopotamus, camel, tiger, lion, deer, various species of monkey, snake, tortoise, crocodile, various species of bird, a pair of tusks of the white elephant that died in 1219 - 1857 during the reign of King Thibaw, 72 feet long skeleton of a whale 72 feet in length, and a statue of Stegosaurus are also on display.<br /><p align="justify">When you come to Yangon, you should not miss the opportunity for one-stop observation of the collection of wild animals, birds, reptiles, indigenous to Myanmar, that would only be possible at Yangon Zoological Garden. Some of the opportunities for study and recreation include rides in elephant-cart, horse-cart, or on elephants and horses, free snake and elephant shows on weekends and public holidays, and an easy access to fauna and flora either for studies or for enjoyment.<br /></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div align="justify"><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/hlaw2.jpg" /></span> <p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);" class="more"><br /></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;" class="more">Hlawga Park </span><br /><span class="more"><img src="http://www.myanmar.com/places/images/hlaw1.jpg" align="right" hspace="5" /></span><br />This park was founded in 1982 at Mingaladon Township in Yangon Division, just 22 miles from downtown Yangon. Tigers, leopards, bears and other carnivorous animals are housed in the 62 acre park and in the mini zoo. Sambhur deer, barking deer, and hog deer freely graze in the 818 acres of natural forest. Attractions include elephant rides and shows, and 165 species of birds and plus 25 species of migratory birds also inhabit the park. Facilities include an environmental education centre, an information centre, a guide map, ample car parking, open decks and scenic picnic sites. </p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-15883910868859138902010-11-05T15:53:00.001-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.214-07:00The Great Mingun Bell<h3><span style="font-size:100%;"><a name="mingoon"><br /></a></span> </h3><table align="right" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"><tbody><tr> <td><span style="font-size:100%;"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/mingunbell-lg.jpg" alt="mingunbell.jpg (30549 bytes)" align="right" border="1" width="250" height="330" /></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> That title is owned by Burma's Mingun Bell, which rings near the city of Sagaing, at the Mingun pagoda, some 11 km (7 miles) upriver from Mandalay, in the center of Burma, on the opposite bank of the Ayeyarwaddy and accessible only by river. A 45-minute boat trip to Mingun is very pleasant with plenty of life on the river to see. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">This bell was cast by King Bodawpaya on 28 April 1808 and is about 13 feet tall. It weighs 55555 peik-thar, or 90.55 metric tons (about 200 US tons). (Peik-thar are a traditional unit of weight equalling 3.6 lbs (1.63 kg)— that's what the five characters that look like 9's on the side of the bell in the picture to the right mean.) </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The pagoda itself was the main jewel in the crown of an ambitious building campaign sponsored by King Bodawpaya (ruled 1782-1819). The largest brick temple in Asia, its outline broods over the western bank of the Irrawaddy River from the hamlet of Mingun. Its base is 256 feet square and it rises some 150 feet. It is now viewed as little more than a curiosity, enhanced by dramatic fissures in its wall created by an earthquake in 1839-- visitors can even climb to the top by a modern stairway mounted on the most ruined corner fo the monument, though no access to the summit existed originally. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The Mingun is Asia's, and indeed, the world's, largest bell. Cast by Bodawpaya to complemlent the huge pagoda, it stands in its original location some 50 yeards to the northeast of the pagoda. The pagoda is still considered unfinished, since it is without a tower, but historians believe King Bodawpaya may have intended to sacrifice height for girth from the very beginning, and thus it may have been considered finished by the king himself. Pagodas were built to venerate sacred objects interred beneath them-- in fact, the word "pagoda" derives from *dagaba* (relic chamber), a term adopted into English after it was encountered in Buddhist Sri Lanka.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" >The World’s Three Largest Bells </span><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Russia's famous Tsar-Kolokol is the largest bell in the world, of course, but it is broken. Apart from that, if you inspect our <a href="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/biglist.html">list of bells larger than 1,000 <i>puds</i></a> (36,000 lbs, or about 18 metric tons or more), you'll probably be surprised to see that the world's biggest working bells are not in Russia, but in Burma, Korea, and Japan. Another is under water, but there has lately been some talk of trying to locate and raise it. Yet another was lost in World War II. Only then, sixth or seventh down the list, do we find Trinity-Sergius Lavra's "Tsarsky Kolokol", or "Royal Bell". </p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p style="text-align: justify;">One day we hope to tell more about Asia's fascinating bells, but it's interesting to compare what we've been able to learn so far, with the Russian giant: </p><table align="center" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td><a href="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/biggest.html#dhammazedi"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/shwedagon1-thumb.jpg" alt="Dhammazedi Bell, largest bell on the planet " border="1" width="100" height="132" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/biggest.html#mingoon"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/mingunbell-thumb.jpg" alt="Mingun Bell, the largest ringing bell in the world" border="1" width="100" height="132" /></a></td> <td><a href="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/biggest.html#Tsar-Bell-III"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/tsarble/tsarblewinter-thumb.jpg" alt=" Tsar Bell-III, the third-largest bell on earth" border="1" width="100" height="132" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table><p><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:130%;" ><a name="dhammazedi">The Great Sunken Bell of Dhammazedi</a></span></p><h3 style="font-weight: bold;"></h3><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Burmese chronicles relate that King Dhammazedi, 9th of the Mon kings of Burma (now known as Myanmar), who reigned at Hanthawaddy (Bago) from 1464 onward, had ordered a census of households in his kingdom sometime around the year 1480. However, his over-zealous ministers not only counted the households; they also taxed them— thus obtaining some 180,000 vis (293.4 metric, or about 600 US tons) of copper. King Dhammazedi was not pleased and so, to allay his wrath, the ministers proposed to have the copper cast into a bell. That was how the biggest bell in history came to be. The chronicles also note that the date chosen for the casting of the Bell, 5 February 1484, was astrologically inappropriate and that the Bell had an unpleasant sound. </span></p><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5"><tbody><tr> <td> <span style="font-size:100%;"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/shwedagon1.jpg" border="1" width="250" height="184" /></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><span style="font-size:100%;"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/shwedagon3.jpg" alt="" border="1" width="250" height="168" /></span></td> </tr><tr> <td><br /></td> </tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">He presented the bell to the Shwedagon Pagoda in Rangoon (then known as Dagon). According to texts of the time, the bell metal included silver and gold as well as copper and tin. The bell is also said to have been encrusted with emeralds and sapphires. In view of the opulence of the pagoda itself, the story is likely true. The bell itself was said to be twelve cubits high and eight cubits wide. Another, smaller bell of 500 vis (about 5/6 of a ton) was cast at the same time and also offered to the Buddha.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">A century later, in 1583, Venetian gem merchant named Gasparo Balbi visited ancient Dagon and described the Shwedagon Pagoda at length. He wrote, "I found in a fair hall a very large bell which we measured, and found to be seven paces and three hand breadths and it is full of letters from the top to the bottom, so near together that one touches the other, but there was no Nation that could understand them."</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">By 1530 the Mon kings were in decline and in 1535 Lower Burma had become subject to Upper Burma. At the same time, European traders and adventurers had begun to make contacts in Lower Burma. So in the 1590s, with the authority of the rulers in Upper Burma, a Portuguese adventurer, Filipe de Brito y Nicote, set up a new trading post at Syriam and by 1600 had extended his power across the river to Dagon and the surrounding countryside.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Thus in 1608 De Brito removed the Dhammazedi bell from the Shwedagon Paaoda, rolled it down the hill to a raft in the Pazundaung Creek and had it hauled by elephants to the river. The the bell and raft were lashed to his flagship for the journey across the river to Thanlyn (Syrian) to be melted down and made into ships cannons.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">However, at the confluence of the Bago and Yangon Rivers off what is now known as Monkey Point, the raft broke up and the bell went to the bottom, taking Filipe de Brito's ship with it— justly, we think. The Portugeuse suffered for their bungled looting, too— their entire garrison was killed in an attack by angry Burmese, and records suggest the Portuguese leader died a slow death on bamboo stakes.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">All accounts of the history of Rangoon insist that Dhammazedi's bell was never recovered and until the late 1800's the top of it could still be seen above water at low tide. Some witnesses today tell of being rowed out to the bell site by their elders to watch the water eddy over the top of the submerged bell. The river isn't especially deep, (40 feet), but at the bottom there is 40 feet more of mud. The bell is somewhere in the mud.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">A smaller bell, known as the Bodawpaya, was also taken from the Shwedagon Pagoda by British Prize Agents in 1826 and lost in the river. However, it was abandoned by the British and recovered by the local inhabitants and returned to the pagoda.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">There are other great bells on view on the Shwedagon, but they are much later than Balbi"s time.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">King Singu, had a 24.6 metric (50 US)-ton bronze bell, 2.1 m high and 2.0 m wide at the mouth, cast and offered to the Shwedagon on 17 January 1779. Known as the Mahagandha Bell, it can be found today on the northwest side of the main pagoda platform. The British pillaged the pagoda during their 1824 to 1826 wartime occupation and tried to carry the bell to Calcutta, but fell victim to the same fate as de Brito: this bell, too, sank into the river.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The British failed in several attempts to raise it. The Myanmars said they would raise the bell on the condition it would be returned to its original resting place in the pagoda, and the British, thinking nothing would come out of the attempt, agreed. But the Myanmars had an ingenious plan. Divers tied countless bamboo poles underneath the bell and floated it to the surface. The undertaking helped to instill the Myanmars with nationalism during the years of British occupation.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The other bell, 42.5 metric (85 US) tons in weight, 4.3 m high and 2.2 m wide at the mouth, was cast and donated by King Tharrawaddy on 19 February 1843. It is known as the Mahatissada and is located at the northeast corner of the pagoda enclosure.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Dhammazedi's Bell To Be Recovered?</span></p><table align="left" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" width="111"><tbody><tr> <td><span style="font-size:100%;"><img src="http://www.russianbells.com/interest/img/029.jpg" alt="" width="137" height="127" /></span></td> </tr><tr> <td class="caption"><span style="font-size:100%;">Mike Hatcher</span></td> </tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The Burmese government has asked an English marine biologist / archaeologist / adventurer (you know the type) named Mike Hatcher and his team to raise the bell; they want to see it restored to the Pagoda. Hatcher has agreed to undertake the project, which has involvement from Japanese, Australian and American companies. Richard Gere, a committed and active supporter of Buddhist ideals, is involved in raising funds. The project would undoubtedly inspire curiosity at an international level. The <a href="http://www.docstation.de/en/projekte/projekte2001/burmabell/index.html">German film company</a> which will be shooting the expedition says, "Should the salvage operation succeed, the reaction in the Buddhist world would be comparable to finding the Holy Grail in the Christian West."</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">One of Burma's most sacred religious relics, it is believed that its restoration in the pagoda will bring good fortune back to Myanmar. Certainly, recovery of King Dhammazedi"s Bell— the offering of a devout king and his people to one of Myanmar"s most sacred shrines— would restore a lost heritage to the Myanmar people. In more ways than one, in fact´ for the bell"s inscription would provide valuable material for historical and linguistic scholarship. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The project is not without its opponents: Some pro-democracy campaigners say the salvage operation might be misconstrued as an endorsement by the international community of Myanmar's military dictatorship, and should wait until talks with the regime have progressed or until such time as a democratic government is in place. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">One of seven salvage projects forecast for Mike Hatcher and his team in 2001, Mike's team was slated to begin the search for the precise location of the Dhammazedi Bell in March that year. After a flurry of excitement stirred up by BBC's announcement of the project, however, it apparently did not get off the ground, perhaps (we speculate) due to complications involved in his discovery in June 2000 of a huge sunken wreck in Indonesian waters, with the largest collection of porcelain ever found. </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;">If the project ever does go forward, divers will use personal mounted sonar with night vision goggles and copper sulphate detectors to locate the bell, since the mud around all that bronze would have a high concentration of copper sulphate. About nine months after the survey they expect to lift the Bell from the river. To do this, they will have to build a small version of a North Sea Oil platform in the muddy rapids of the confluence of two rivers, and assemble a large crane to lift the bell out of the water. Once it is lifted, they will construct a railway to transport it uphill about half a mile to the Shwedagon Pagoda. This final operation will take about four months.<br /></span></p><h3><span style="font-size:100%;"><a name="Tsar-Bell-III"></a></span></h3>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-9784075587928765662010-11-03T08:42:00.001-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.220-07:00Myanmar White Elephants<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></span> © <span>Amazing Pictures, Bollywood, Hollywood, Places, Technology, Funny Pictures, Health Beauty</span> (<a href="http://ritemail.blogspot.com/2010/11/white-elephants.html">http://ritemail.blogspot.com/2010/11/white-elephants.html</a>)<br /><br /><br /><div class="post-header"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBo9k9kmICzUxfe5uer81i40KSCW0IBSHUAb1ff5n3CIwSMdNoAd4FVdu-RKS2ksJ0QjdXeuwU3-o7SgoEKEL_BCZ9oEGhtREi9awsPmht7jEbzYpJxsdi8vieQUM0DnsOY-DI-5uDca0/s1600/White_Elephant_001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 471px; height: 401px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBo9k9kmICzUxfe5uer81i40KSCW0IBSHUAb1ff5n3CIwSMdNoAd4FVdu-RKS2ksJ0QjdXeuwU3-o7SgoEKEL_BCZ9oEGhtREi9awsPmht7jEbzYpJxsdi8vieQUM0DnsOY-DI-5uDca0/s1600/White_Elephant_001.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Rare albino Elephants.<br /></div><a name="more"></a><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia15sOo6bk9R6xdrzzNQlJ_3Ndd8mWSylmSMQCo9lHzBGcLQ-iznlK-NcwWdu_gNqxMu67b97zo-NSoNuAJZBuyA7yZHHRSA0rdXvC1F2nf3ODbyP3c4kJ45nNpVPZYiGjWgzAOKlN0zg/s1600/White_Elephant_002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 472px; height: 358px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia15sOo6bk9R6xdrzzNQlJ_3Ndd8mWSylmSMQCo9lHzBGcLQ-iznlK-NcwWdu_gNqxMu67b97zo-NSoNuAJZBuyA7yZHHRSA0rdXvC1F2nf3ODbyP3c4kJ45nNpVPZYiGjWgzAOKlN0zg/s1600/White_Elephant_002.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Znky7b4S0l8hyphenhyphenxk9CdXZuwU1a9qDMQ3aWmW-ppoDBUPTU4aU5y5kGS2ltwm517GDIOE1Tq3KS6ulr-cqAnXlZd8p1K_nGNkVcYVMYFHjnbb-E9OCPgUsPKMjBCus-6WuLAkPXlwiDP8/s1600/White_Elephant_003.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 471px; height: 318px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6Znky7b4S0l8hyphenhyphenxk9CdXZuwU1a9qDMQ3aWmW-ppoDBUPTU4aU5y5kGS2ltwm517GDIOE1Tq3KS6ulr-cqAnXlZd8p1K_nGNkVcYVMYFHjnbb-E9OCPgUsPKMjBCus-6WuLAkPXlwiDP8/s1600/White_Elephant_003.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XNnliNgT_IgyhCdrZlMOIVHHo6FAmyQHIfr6WyS20xIrzkFtZtgN-_nlVFohiBhO3_kAOVUVbGcG0hlLdwhcmsw01hvVOaGNMjh4uY8NPFDgIW0TeyPbwb7PFlmOQesaZ9H-m8Feaco/s1600/White_Elephant_004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 471px; height: 628px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7XNnliNgT_IgyhCdrZlMOIVHHo6FAmyQHIfr6WyS20xIrzkFtZtgN-_nlVFohiBhO3_kAOVUVbGcG0hlLdwhcmsw01hvVOaGNMjh4uY8NPFDgIW0TeyPbwb7PFlmOQesaZ9H-m8Feaco/s1600/White_Elephant_004.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip5Sv_eGxVGGgxNRfU7SRTYoHfFiJYTMN4zZB-ofeNCrGI6bCnL0h6xrOk25_Jym41U_a_BiuzijP58VqThrQl9mw4kikUVewe003uCSNAt4BcP1deo-yHzwyCtm8HipSOPH_UnoD9ufg/s1600/White_Elephant_005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 472px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip5Sv_eGxVGGgxNRfU7SRTYoHfFiJYTMN4zZB-ofeNCrGI6bCnL0h6xrOk25_Jym41U_a_BiuzijP58VqThrQl9mw4kikUVewe003uCSNAt4BcP1deo-yHzwyCtm8HipSOPH_UnoD9ufg/s1600/White_Elephant_005.jpg" border="0" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkDNNBiYdMEKX5IugKJbdUf_1akXbUTms1PWTns1bdFZ0Jq_EE7q98zjvZlmnPlpnNN7bgeTun2xD2aKEnzLKlAp57FXfxmD5v8kNkVjqwcJTwi5X-QRCPyeIchZoAOFpEuvSE7vgAGZs/s1600/White_Elephant_006.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img style="width: 471px; height: 313px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkDNNBiYdMEKX5IugKJbdUf_1akXbUTms1PWTns1bdFZ0Jq_EE7q98zjvZlmnPlpnNN7bgeTun2xD2aKEnzLKlAp57FXfxmD5v8kNkVjqwcJTwi5X-QRCPyeIchZoAOFpEuvSE7vgAGZs/s1600/White_Elephant_006.jpg" border="0" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-35086101318843198372010-09-16T14:11:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:49:17.435-07:00Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-25319842031982095772010-07-24T06:28:00.001-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.227-07:00Bio of Myanmar<a title="View Bio of Myanmar on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/34804088/Bio-of-Myanmar" style="margin: 12px auto 6px; font: 14px Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; display: block; text-decoration: underline;"></a> <object id="doc_608843835633981" name="doc_608843835633981" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf" style="outline: medium none;" width="100%" height="500"> <param name="movie" value="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf"><param name="wmode" value="opaque"><param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"><param name="FlashVars" value="document_id=34804088&access_key=key-f5qfajy504m6lqv28lp&page=1&viewMode=list"><embed id="doc_608843835633981" name="doc_608843835633981" src="http://d1.scribdassets.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=34804088&access_key=key-f5qfajy504m6lqv28lp&page=1&viewMode=list" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" wmode="opaque" bgcolor="#ffffff" width="100%" height="500"></embed> </object>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com41tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-4089043206768990782010-07-20T14:54:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.232-07:00Harry Potter & Burma Snake<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDFw244rk7_QzY_S6Pd0C7SQzQ3INAAHGw0EhOZI_vIBohNyixHhB70tM-HrcqZfFHw-SHRnZ2-_xuVtNP0-P-Kseb4luLrlrrJCJ9UO78Zk0dCe-l9H6D8xo_njqb1jk12tLEAuVb0Xg/s1600/harrypoter1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDFw244rk7_QzY_S6Pd0C7SQzQ3INAAHGw0EhOZI_vIBohNyixHhB70tM-HrcqZfFHw-SHRnZ2-_xuVtNP0-P-Kseb4luLrlrrJCJ9UO78Zk0dCe-l9H6D8xo_njqb1jk12tLEAuVb0Xg/s320/harrypoter1.jpg" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdDRs9sfzIPqHGoH-F8fU6rAQcNSQul10fw-E08w2LmD2Cy7_xV7EuolQe5Pt48mieD0duZLY24KI7KTLsMLApbpyQkfi0l7o9nHP61YAZjDD7yGUpWRUHrP9q_pv7tj0uUl7P2LOrJVU/s1600/harrypoter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdDRs9sfzIPqHGoH-F8fU6rAQcNSQul10fw-E08w2LmD2Cy7_xV7EuolQe5Pt48mieD0duZLY24KI7KTLsMLApbpyQkfi0l7o9nHP61YAZjDD7yGUpWRUHrP9q_pv7tj0uUl7P2LOrJVU/s320/harrypoter.jpg" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-58496051572838578062010-07-11T08:14:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.236-07:00SHIN BYU<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTW6e02vxjMoFVtA44m9emwL7O1SmV1boiNbB1bSA75SAR3hvkZ7jdSdj2RA_k_z5A5UzQ7Ivsfcv3Ixbc6UO9GV0d8gDTxKzL0T7pjhtjayioL90XcaSrJpZghvhMjbrgl1Yv0dVIc8A/s1600/214.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTW6e02vxjMoFVtA44m9emwL7O1SmV1boiNbB1bSA75SAR3hvkZ7jdSdj2RA_k_z5A5UzQ7Ivsfcv3Ixbc6UO9GV0d8gDTxKzL0T7pjhtjayioL90XcaSrJpZghvhMjbrgl1Yv0dVIc8A/s320/214.bmp" /></a></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C02%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C02%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C02%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Shin Byu <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A Shin Byu procession is in central Burma. An ethnic Burmese boy, like all Buddhists in Burma, is not considered a good Buddhist until he has gone through this initiation rite, which involves him dressing up as the Prince Siddhartha Guatama (who became the Buddha) and riding to the monastery, where his head is shaved, he takes on the robes of a monk and he lives in the monastery to receive instructions. </span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-58476126706428685982010-07-06T11:22:00.001-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.240-07:00THE NAGA<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a 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mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style><br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> table.MsoNormalTable<br /> {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";<br /> mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;<br /> mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;<br /> mso-style-noshow:yes;<br /> mso-style-priority:99;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;<br /> mso-para-margin-top:0in;<br /> mso-para-margin-right:0in;<br /> mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> mso-para-margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br /></style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Naga<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The name Naga embraces a number of Indo-Mongoloid tribes who speak a distant Tibeto-Burmese language and live in the mountain regions of the India-Burma border. Around one million Nagas live in India, although some 100,000 inhabit the Patkai range in northern Burma. Traditionally fierce warriors and, until recently, head-hunters, the Nagas have defended their land against incursions by Indian and Burmese government troops.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Unlike the Was, who took human skulls to safeguard their society and crops, the Nagas killed for personal glory and for the glory of their villages. The practice of head-hunting is believed to have died out in the past twenty years. Although Nagas would not buy skulls like the Was sometimes did, slaves were bought to be decapitated for their skulls and their heads were hung in baskets high in bamboo groves with arrows driven through the eye sockets, to ensure that the ghost would protect the village. </span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-31644476926014297802010-07-03T09:32:00.001-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.345-07:00THE CHIN<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtt75UWGvuINRFFwojYsF5imvgh4X5cdvqgO0pZ-f7Hjn5IDYcheWOu9n4Lb0bEOw7qBBFhJBTCBWDenyFgjrM-QNteyZx08D07c0hxnMXOFkTvB4oSVcyNsRsLL4QCXcrN4XxPeCWYmE/s1600/o+001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtt75UWGvuINRFFwojYsF5imvgh4X5cdvqgO0pZ-f7Hjn5IDYcheWOu9n4Lb0bEOw7qBBFhJBTCBWDenyFgjrM-QNteyZx08D07c0hxnMXOFkTvB4oSVcyNsRsLL4QCXcrN4XxPeCWYmE/s320/o+001.JPG" /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> </a></div><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Chin, or Zomi, are a Tibeto - Burmese people who inhabit the great mountain chain running up western Burma into Mizoram in north-east India. In previous centuries, the difficult terrain meant that there was a little communication between villages.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">More than forty sub-groups, many distinguished by their unique facial tattoos and costumes, have been identified among the 1.5 million Chins in Burma. According to folklore, the custom of tattooing originated almost a thousand years ago, after Burmese men found the Chin women so attractive that they would capture them in slave raids. In their fear, the women began to tattoo their faces – both to make themselves look unattractive, and to ensure that Chin men would be able to identify them if they were carried off. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-80287053468680367592010-06-29T13:50:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.380-07:00BURMESE PUPPET<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoJiLuJt1lzHpPVXxVVIfu-jQv8ADwuqFeEerPR813MdrVw8DSeM9VZFcPXBfr09mw_Fgl2eEP4yww9vqtvQGs_SDqQP4MSy6kdNLq5o0LulAhHiIaDVPOP-pmxegKbJBg14v95aujsvY/s1600/pics+004.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoJiLuJt1lzHpPVXxVVIfu-jQv8ADwuqFeEerPR813MdrVw8DSeM9VZFcPXBfr09mw_Fgl2eEP4yww9vqtvQGs_SDqQP4MSy6kdNLq5o0LulAhHiIaDVPOP-pmxegKbJBg14v95aujsvY/s320/pics+004.JPG" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Burmese marionette theatre – or yok-thei pwe – was developed during the reign of King Bagydaw in the early nineteenth century and was the forerunner of live theatre. There are still a few master puppeteers in Burma, but the skill is dying out and efforts have been made to train youngsters in the art. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPgXP61qrDo6jdUCDBMnU5qOVsJ0d_hQwo-uyAauP3l3-1PrjSRqJMxr52TP_wwhLBMdFWOt3Ck2LGuA6GzMQ6X1LRXSR4pnACFw1hACUXrPPXmYxgb__9xuZsBawaEzNLOpq_DVS_6Q/s1600/096.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPgXP61qrDo6jdUCDBMnU5qOVsJ0d_hQwo-uyAauP3l3-1PrjSRqJMxr52TP_wwhLBMdFWOt3Ck2LGuA6GzMQ6X1LRXSR4pnACFw1hACUXrPPXmYxgb__9xuZsBawaEzNLOpq_DVS_6Q/s320/096.bmp" /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-60495732687071084662010-06-26T11:38:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.385-07:00THE PADAUNG<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-ENB_f_O091pUp7KBwxmWVTfoF5wDBKDjEsNouGccEudbM98rPqodebUzlkZzgBI_SXAAyIfdeH9uRN7vPmBOB-CWeY1AxymnHlugwFO_WNB6gdwVd-ylgA0cdRzLOcrFoVVFr3YYKA/s1600/pics+001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE-ENB_f_O091pUp7KBwxmWVTfoF5wDBKDjEsNouGccEudbM98rPqodebUzlkZzgBI_SXAAyIfdeH9uRN7vPmBOB-CWeY1AxymnHlugwFO_WNB6gdwVd-ylgA0cdRzLOcrFoVVFr3YYKA/s320/pics+001.JPG" /></a></div><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Padaung<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Padaung are found in a 150-square-mile area of Kayah State and Shan State, west of the Salween river and around the Pekon hills, which rise to 5,000 feet. For centuries they have been objects of curiosity and were once brought to the palace of the King of Mandalay for inspection. They are part of the Kayan subgroup of Karens. Although known in the world as Padaung, they call themselves Ka-Kaung, which means people who live on top of the hill. <o:p></o:p></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DSkLEfoxD9j_znpUJgBe1nBr-NRR-jAatnZbdKT9DKCLKFaohnH5gWFs4rSIogKhlWT7w7c6QmbTJZckupJFYmo_KXvUWrWzw9N-Icas0WXmjjKdPdhuXDU8POMxcdFdyR2fQnU5HDo/s1600/uhh+002.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DSkLEfoxD9j_znpUJgBe1nBr-NRR-jAatnZbdKT9DKCLKFaohnH5gWFs4rSIogKhlWT7w7c6QmbTJZckupJFYmo_KXvUWrWzw9N-Icas0WXmjjKdPdhuXDU8POMxcdFdyR2fQnU5HDo/s320/uhh+002.JPG" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-DSkLEfoxD9j_znpUJgBe1nBr-NRR-jAatnZbdKT9DKCLKFaohnH5gWFs4rSIogKhlWT7w7c6QmbTJZckupJFYmo_KXvUWrWzw9N-Icas0WXmjjKdPdhuXDU8POMxcdFdyR2fQnU5HDo/s1600/uhh+002.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdqrj-IOc-ggJvkxVW-ipEu8Wse1nxOiLL-l02JZBvnEJwtFTNbInpsd0_M7TC17j8IE2bv0rO5VZ3sfsktHzmG9u3QHkLoypv84uHu-i1k68LuiCkXoxYAf_nEU6uePi5gU8VGOLATU/s1600/uhh+001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdqrj-IOc-ggJvkxVW-ipEu8Wse1nxOiLL-l02JZBvnEJwtFTNbInpsd0_M7TC17j8IE2bv0rO5VZ3sfsktHzmG9u3QHkLoypv84uHu-i1k68LuiCkXoxYAf_nEU6uePi5gU8VGOLATU/s320/uhh+001.JPG" /></a><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> <br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Padaungs are often nicknamed ‘giraffe women’ or the ‘long-necked Karens’ because of the custom of encasing the neck in brass coils. The practice is fast disappearing, and today can only be found in a few villages. When a girl is aged between five and nine, her neck is rubbed with ointment said to be made of dog fat, coconut milk and royal jelly, and the first neck ring is fitted. After two years, the next set of coils is added and every year therefore she gains a new set until she marries. </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7774837176706683463.post-78389719647224135332010-06-24T15:54:00.000-07:002011-04-13T17:47:56.389-07:00LAKE INLE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsf7AqWWZ-dTuDQr2Ng41e1libdiT8MV79LpIcsZYkpgAGN0x1xQLv753ZpUWQDINOoqaPjTxSCs9UI_OWDpYaRQ3103iqVdmPP_QOMW6fGKl5hyphenhyphenIe2-2ROQzrf-PcDauZkwa3zV4grM/s1600/038.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrsf7AqWWZ-dTuDQr2Ng41e1libdiT8MV79LpIcsZYkpgAGN0x1xQLv753ZpUWQDINOoqaPjTxSCs9UI_OWDpYaRQ3103iqVdmPP_QOMW6fGKl5hyphenhyphenIe2-2ROQzrf-PcDauZkwa3zV4grM/s320/038.jpg" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilKuh19uSo7S9MZe_CbQl18IN7els0JjrP_AndHxgk5v2Rtf11Ie9C-FjfhG7X4lgNbTHcF4sa8acX5ZkTP5Gs5lEZhwNvhQ8fG-u4f3C8UWOJPWB0ueLDAkwszZbrONBwO1lyjbcxBvM/s1600/boat+001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilKuh19uSo7S9MZe_CbQl18IN7els0JjrP_AndHxgk5v2Rtf11Ie9C-FjfhG7X4lgNbTHcF4sa8acX5ZkTP5Gs5lEZhwNvhQ8fG-u4f3C8UWOJPWB0ueLDAkwszZbrONBwO1lyjbcxBvM/s320/boat+001.JPG" width="213" /></a><br /><meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"></meta><meta content="Word.Document" name="ProgId"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Generator"></meta><meta content="Microsoft Word 12" name="Originator"></meta><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CMGSOEC%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><style><br /><!--<br /> /* Font Definitions */<br /> @font-face<br /> {font-family:"Cambria Math";<br /> panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:1;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:roman;<br /> mso-font-format:other;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}<br />@font-face<br /> {font-family:Calibri;<br /> panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;<br /> mso-font-charset:0;<br /> mso-generic-font-family:swiss;<br /> mso-font-pitch:variable;<br /> mso-font-signature:-520092929 1073786111 9 0 415 0;}<br /> /* Style Definitions */<br /> p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal<br /> {mso-style-unhide:no;<br /> mso-style-qformat:yes;<br /> mso-style-parent:"";<br /> margin-top:0in;<br /> margin-right:0in;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> margin-left:0in;<br /> line-height:115%;<br /> mso-pagination:widow-orphan;<br /> font-size:11.0pt;<br /> font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoChpDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> mso-default-props:yes;<br /> mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;<br /> mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;<br /> mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";<br /> mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}<br />.MsoPapDefault<br /> {mso-style-type:export-only;<br /> margin-bottom:10.0pt;<br /> line-height:115%;}<br />@page WordSection1<br /> {size:8.5in 11.0in;<br /> margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;<br /> mso-header-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-footer-margin:.5in;<br /> mso-paper-source:0;}<br />div.WordSection1<br /> {page:WordSection1;}<br />--><br /></style> <br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Intha people can be found living on or around Lake Inle in Shan State. Speaking a distinctive and unusual Burmese dialect, there is mystery over their origins in this area. Like the Pa-Os and Taungyos, it is thought that they are arrived from Lower Burma many centuries ago. By one account, they are descendants of southern Burmese who migrated north during the reign of the King Narapatisithu (1174-1210), although some scholars believe they stem from slaves taken captive during on-and-off wars with the Mons and Tavoyans. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Intha are famous for their highly individual rowing technique. Fisherman wrap a paddle around one hand and leg and use this to propel the boat, while balancing precariously on the other. This position leaves them with one hand free, allowing them to drop a large conical new over passing fish in the shallow waters of the lake.<o:p></o:p></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com3